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Current research articles of the mentioned
journals:
Norma R. de Tacconi, C. Ramannair Chenthamarakshan, Krishnan Rajeshwar, Wen-Yuan Lin, Thomas F. Carlson et al.<br/> Platinum/carbon/titanium oxide (Pt/CTiO) electrocatalysts were prepared by a heterogeneous photocatalysis method wherein the semiconductor optoelectronic properties of TiO were exploited to facilitate photoreduction of a platinum precursor on the surface of the composite whole yielding excellent pla ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, B1102 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Xinbing Chen, Lan Zhang, and San Ping Jiang<br/> The chromium deposition process at (LaSrBa)(CoFe)O (LSBCF) (0<=x<=0.4) cathodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has been investigated in the presence of an FeCr metallic interconnect at 900 degrees C. Chromium deposition depends strongly on the composition of LSBCF cathodes as x varies from 0 to 0 ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, B1093 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Xuhai Wang and Trung Van Nguyen<br/> A two-phase model was developed to study the impact of the capillary property of the gas diffusion (GDL) and catalyst layers (CL) and the saturation-level jump condition at the interface between these two dissimilar materials on the liquid water transport rate and the liquid water saturation levels ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, B1085 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Vladimir V. Plashnitsa, Perumal Elumalai, and Norio Miura<br/> The mixed-potential-type planar sensors using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and nanostructured Au sensing electrodes (SEs) were fabricated and examined for detection of NO at 600 degrees C under the wet condition (5 vol % HO). The nanostructured Au-SEs were formed on the YSZ plate by means of r ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, J301 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
A. J. Monkowski, A. Morrill, and N. C. MacDonald<br/> Wafer scale arrays of nanostructured titania (NST) sensing elements have been fabricated using standard microfabrication techniques. Sensing elements are 20 [mu]m on a side and formed by the oxidation of titanium thin films in aqueous hydrogen peroxide. NST elements are highly sensitive to oxygen, ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, J297 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Jem Kun Chen, Chia-Hao Chan, and Feng-Chih Chang<br/> To optimize copper diffusion barriers, TaN thin films for diffusion barriers were prepared by using radio frequency sputtering with various flow ratios of N/Ar as the reactive gas. The component transformed from TaN to TaN as observed from deposition rates, and N/Ta ratios as N/Ar flow ratios from 0 ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, H852 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Kyung Ho Kim, Gun Hee Kim, Hyun Soo Shin, Byung Du Ahn, Sungho Kang et al.<br/> The effect of indium mol ratio on nanocrystalline (nc)-InGaO(ZnO) thin films prepared by solution was investigated with structural properties. The size of nanocrystallines tended to increase up to 120 nm with an optimized indium mol ratio after second postannealing at 700 degrees C for 10 s with t ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, H848 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Zhi Liang Bao, Sarmita Majumder, A. Alec Talin, Anthony S. Arrott, and Karen L. Kavanagh<br/> The galvanostatic electrodeposition of epitaxial FeNi films on n-GaAs(001) substrates from aqueous metal ammonium sulfate solutions is reported. Structural measurements using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicate that the films have single crystalline or highly oriented bod ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, H841 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Ling Meng, Ping Wu, Guoxiang Chen, and Chenxin Cai<br/> A nanocomposite of thionine with single-walled carbon nanotubes (ThSWNTs) was fabricated and the electrocatalytic oxidation of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by the nanocomposite was demonstrated. ThSWNTs showed high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of NADH, leading to a ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, F231 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
A. Balamurugan, Zhi-Wei Chen, and Shen-Ming Chen<br/> Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with bromo thymol blue (BTB) composite electrode was prepared electrochemically by using cyclic voltammetric (CV) technique. Hereafter, the above-modified electrode is termed the BTB-PEDOT composite electrode. The BTB-PEDOT composite electrode showed a ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, E151 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
V. Venkatasamy, I. Shao, Q. Huang, and J. L. Stickney<br/> This paper describes various studies undertaken to devise a deposition cycle for the formation of SbTe, a phase-change memory material, by electrochemical atomic layer deposition (EC-ALD). The importance of deposition potentials to the formation of deposits of Sb and Te, were investigated. The resul ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, D693 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
I. Bakonyi, L. Peter, Z. E. Horvath, J. Padar, L. Pogany et al.<br/> An X-ray diffraction study of electrodeposited Co/Cu multilayers with Cu layer thicknesses (d) from 0.5 to 4.5 nm revealed that, from structural point of view, three thickness ranges can be distinguished. For d<2 nm, a few percent of hexagonal close-packed (hcp)-Co fraction is present and no sup ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, D688 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Do Young Lee, Han Na Cho, and Chee Won Chung<br/> High density plasma etching of indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films was performed in HBr/Ar gas mix. As HBr concentration increased, the etch rate was decreased and etch profile was improved. The high degree of etch anisotropy was achieved with decreasing dc-bias voltage and increasing gas pressure. T ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, D683 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Jing Li, H. M. Dahn, L. J. Krause, Dinh-Ba Le, and J. R. Dahn<br/> The electrochemical performance of negative electrodes based on commercially available micrometer-sized alpha-FeO powder and four different binders was investigated. alpha-FeO electrodes made using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose binder and two proprietary binders show better cycling performance than ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, A812 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Owen Crowther and Alan C. West<br/> Lithium deposition is observed in situ using a microfluidic test cell. The microfluidic device rapidly sets up a steady concentration gradient and minimizes ohmic potential loss, minimizes electrolyte usage, and shows good repeatability. Dendrite growth is observed at different current densities for ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, A806 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Mao-Sung Wu, Yu-An Huang, and Chung-Hsien Yang<br/> Nanostructured nickel hydroxides are galvanostatically deposited onto a stainless steel substrate by a plating bath of nickel sulfate, sodium acetate, and sodium sulfate at room temperature. The anodically deposited nickel hydroxide electrodes are highly porous and composed of interconnected nanofla ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, A798 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Masamichi Onuki, Shinichi Kinoshita, Yuuichi Sakata, Miwa Yanagidate, Yumiko Otake et al.<br/> In order to elucidate the mechanism of gas evolution in lithium-ion batteries, we fabricated carbonLiNiCoAlO cells employing C-labeled ethylene carbonate (C-EC) and diethyl carbonate (C-DEC) as solvent components and then stored them at 85 degrees C. The gas species evolved during storage tests were ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, A794 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Jia-Yan Luo, Dan-Dan Zhou, Jin-Long Liu, and Yong-Yao Xia<br/> The polymer gel electrolyte using polyacrylamide and 1 M LiSO aqueous solution was prepared to study the applicability of polymer gel electrolyte to the activated carbon (AC)/lithium intercalated compound hybrid supercapacitors. The polymer gel electrolyte was found to have high conductivity, which ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, A789 (2008)] published Fri Sep 5, 2008.
Abstract The reduction of oxygen on brass type Cu77Zn21Al2 in contact with 0.1 mol L−1 borax at pH 9.2 with and without chlorides was investigated and compared with the results on spectroscopic Cu. The surface
film was characterized in situ by means of reflectance spectroscopy and by electrochemical impedance in the potential range
negative to the open circuit potential. The main parameters associated to the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction were
analyzed with a rotating disc electrode. The results show that within the potentials studied, a porous film was formed on
brass while no significant spectral features were observed, except at −1.2 V where zinc oxo-hydroxides grow in chloride-free
solutions and dissolve when chlorides are present in the system. The number of electrons exchanged for brass was close to
4 in both solutions, showing that oxygen is predominantly reduced to hydroxyl ions, with a reaction order equal to one. The
residual presence of oxides on the surface results in Koutecky–Levich plots with slopes dependent on the applied potential
and interfere with the calculation of the Tafel slope.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9650-z
Authors
R. Procaccini, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) División Corrosión, INTEMA Facultad de Ingeniería Juan B. Justo 4302 B7608FDQ Mar del Plata Argentina
S. Ceré, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) División Corrosión, INTEMA Facultad de Ingeniería Juan B. Justo 4302 B7608FDQ Mar del Plata Argentina
M. Vázquez, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) División Corrosión, INTEMA Facultad de Ingeniería Juan B. Justo 4302 B7608FDQ Mar del Plata Argentina
Abstract Anodic oxidation of dilute solutions of sodium sulfate was developed to generate oxidants into aqueous solutions with a diaphragm
electrolyzer, which consisted of titanium anodes covered with mixed oxides of iridium, ruthenium and tin, a titanium cathode,
and Teflon cation-exchange membrane. An electronic device was created for continuous self-purification of cathode surface
from hardness salt deposits. The anodic products of electrolysis were molecular oxygen and sodium persulfate. It should be
noted that sodium persulfate was the only active oxidant. The synthesized anolyte was tested for its oxidizing activity towards
certain metabolites and toxicants. Disinfecting properties of anolyte were detected towards gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria. The comparison of redox potentials of commercial samples of persulfate and the synthesized anolyte showed that the
redox potential value for the anolyte is much higher than for solutions with the same concentration of commercial persulfate.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9652-x
Authors
Mark M. Goldin, N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine 3 B. Sukharevskaya Pl. Moscow 129010 Russia
Mogely Sh. Khubutiya, N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine 3 B. Sukharevskaya Pl. Moscow 129010 Russia
Vladimir A. Kolesnikov, N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine 3 B. Sukharevskaya Pl. Moscow 129010 Russia
Michail M. Abakumov, N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine 3 B. Sukharevskaya Pl. Moscow 129010 Russia
Anatoly K. Evseev, N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine 3 B. Sukharevskaya Pl. Moscow 129010 Russia
Alexander George Volkov, Oakwood University Department of Chemistry 7000 Adventist Blvd. Huntsville AL 35896 USA
Abstract Electrochemical deposition of CdTe semiconductor thin films over transparent conducting glass substrates by sequential unipolar
current pulses is described. The magnitude of pulsed current and pulse periodicity affects the crystalline structure, morphology,
optical absorbance and composition of CdTe films. CdTe films formed under high magnitude pulsed current density ~5–15 mA cm−2 are crystalline with dominant cubic structure having (111) plane oriented parallel to the substrate. Stoichiometric CdTe
film growth occurs with current pulses of short 25–300 ms periodicity and 3–50 ms duration. A mechanism of the CdTe growth
involving in situ cathodic tellurization process step involving H2Te formation and reaction with electrochemically deposited Cd monolayer is described. CdTe film growth in the pulsed electrodeposition
occurs under mass transport conditions under strong influence of high magnitude pulsed current. This results in much higher
growth rates ~5–8 μm h−1 for CdTe films which is attractive for CdTe solar cells in a production environment.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9655-7
Authors
A. C. Rastogi, Binghamton University, State University of New York at Binghamton Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Binghamton NY 13902 USA
R. K. Sharma, National Physical Laboratory K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi 110012 India
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a constant magnetic field (CMF) on the electrodeposition of Co–Mo–W
alloys, and to observe changes in the topography of the alloy surface and its chemical composition. The investigation included
the use of Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Coulometry (C), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis
(EDX). At higher electrolyte concentrations (so-called II), the CV method revealed an increase in cathode current density
in a CMF environment. During crystallisation of the Co–Mo–W alloy, fractures appeared on the surface due to internal stresses.
The application of CMF reduced the fracture widths resulting from the increased concentration of electroactive particles at
the working electrode and the greater deposited alloy mass. Electrolyte motion under the influence of CMF caused an increase
in the percentage of the main ferromagnetic component (Co) in the alloy.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9628-x
Authors
M. Zieliński, University of Lodz Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Narutowicza 68 90-136 Lodz Poland
E. Miękoś, University of Lodz Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Narutowicza 68 90-136 Lodz Poland
Abstract Direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) electrodeposition of Pt–Co alloy onto pretreated electrodes has been conducted
to fabricate catalyst electrodes for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The effect
of plating mode and pulse plating parameters on the Pt–Co alloy catalyst structure, composition and electroactivity for the
ORR in PEMFC has been investigated. The electrodeposited Pt–Co alloy catalyst indicates higher electrocatalytic activity towards
the ORR than the electrodeposited Pt catalyst. The activity of the electrodeposited Pt–Co catalysts is further improved by
applying the current in a pulse waveform pattern. The electrodeposition mode and the pulse plating parameters do not have
the significant effect on the Pt:Co composition of deposited catalysts, but show the substantial effect on the deposit structures
produced. The Pt–Co catalysts prepared by PC electrodeposition have finer structures and contain smaller Pt–Co catalyst particles
compared to that produced by DC electrodeposition. By varying the Pt concentration in deposition solution, the Pt:Co composition
of the electrodeposited catalyst that exhibits the highest activity is found. The Pt–Co alloy catalyst with the Pt:Co composition
of 82:18 obtained at the charge density of 2 C cm−2, the pulse current density of 200 mA cm−2, 5% duty cycle and 1 Hz was found to yield the best electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR in PEMFC.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9644-x
Authors
Yupa Saejeng, Chulalongkorn University Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science Bangkok 10330 Thailand
Nisit Tantavichet, Chulalongkorn University Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science Bangkok 10330 Thailand
Abstract The paper presents results of the simulation of the effect of some significant factors on energy consumption and specific
energy consumption for electrochemical grinding and mechanical grinding of three hard-to-machine materials (sintered carbides
B40, titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and steel 18G2A). The investigation has been carried out on models of energy consumption and specific
energy consumption for electrochemical and mechanical grinding performed by the grinding wheel face. The results have shown
that within the range of parameters and machining conditions employed, mechanical grinding of hard-to-machine materials is
characterized by higher energy consumption than electrochemical grinding.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9639-7
Authors
Mariusz Łupak, Wrocław University of Technology, Institute of Production Engineering and Automation ul. Łukasiewicza 5 50-371 Wroclaw Poland
Stanisław Zaborski, Wrocław University of Technology, Institute of Production Engineering and Automation ul. Łukasiewicza 5 50-371 Wroclaw Poland
Abstract The effect of wet film application techniques on the physical and electrochemical properties and operational stability of
RuO2–TiO2 coated titanium anodes was evaluated. Four compositions of RuO2–TiO2 coatings were applied to Ti substrates by three different wet coating methods—brush, dip and spin. Changing the coating technique
resulted in different morphologies. Electrochemically active surface area of the coatings was related to the morphology. A
shift in Ru(III)/Ru(IV) oxidation potential occurred upon changing the application technique. For lower ruthenium content
coatings, this shift was related to coating lifetime. Anode stability in accelerated lifetesting showed that dip coated samples
lasted up to three times longer than brush coated samples for lower ruthenium content.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9643-y
Authors
Prachi Shrivastava, University of Utah 135S 1460E Rm 412 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
Michael S. Moats, University of Utah 135S 1460E Rm 412 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
Abstract This study focuses on how different electrolyte parameters of the chlorate process affect the cathode potential for hydrogen
evolution on iron in a wide current-density range. The varied parameters were pH, temperature, mass transport conditions and
the ionic concentrations of chloride, chlorate, chromate and hypochlorite. At lower current densities, where cathodic protection
of the electrode material is important, the pH buffering capacity of the electrolyte influenced the potential to a large extent.
It could be concluded that none of the electrolyte parameters had any major effects (<50 mV) on the chlorate-cathode potential
at industrially relevant current densities (around 3 kA m−2). Certainly, there is more voltage to gain from changing the cathode material than from modifying the electrolyte composition.
This is exemplified by experiments on steel corroded from operation in a chlorate plant, which exhibits significantly higher
activity for hydrogen evolution than polished steel or iron.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9642-z
Authors
Linda Nylén, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Applied Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
Ann Cornell, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Applied Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
Abstract A crystalline TiO2 (c-TiO2) film was electrochemically deposited onto a 10 cm × 20 cm hot-dip-galvanized (HDG) steel plate at 60 °C from an alkaline
aqueous solution containing 0.1 M titanium potassium oxalate dehydrate and 1 M hydroxylamine. The electrochemical deposition
was carried out by a galvanostatic method. First, a current density of 10 mA cm−2 was applied for 5 min, which led to the formation of a uniform coating of TiO2 on a 1 cm × 1 cm small HDG plate. A crystalline layer was observed, however, only in the central area, whereas the upper
and the edge areas were amorphous. Both calculations and experiments confirmed that this was due to the difference of the
local current densities in the vicinities of different areas. Next, three different currents (5 mA cm−2 (2 min), 10 mA cm−2 (2 min) and 20 mA cm−2 (1 min)) were applied continuously so that the local current density for each part of the substrate achieved appropriate
deposition conditions. The film thus obtained was crystalline in all areas and of uniform thickness.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9646-8
Authors
Naoki Suzuki, Kinki University Henkel Research Center of Advanced Technology, Molecular Institute 11-6, Kayanomori Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
Subbian Karuppuchamy, Kinki University Henkel Research Center of Advanced Technology, Molecular Institute 11-6, Kayanomori Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
Seishiro Ito, Kinki University Henkel Research Center of Advanced Technology, Molecular Institute 11-6, Kayanomori Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
Abstract The electropolymerization of benzotriazole on an Au electrode was investigated via cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry
in a room temperature ionic liquid medium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF6) containing glacial acetic acid. The chronoamperometric investigation revealed that the instantaneous nucleation predominated
the potentiostatic electropolymerization of benzotriazole at the oxidation peak potential. Scanning electron microscopy indicated
that the polymer film was compact and relatively smooth and infrared spectroscopy suggested the polymer chains were formed
mainly via coupling of the unsaturated nitrogen atoms. The polymer was found to be highly electroactive, showing a quasi-reversible
and stable pair of redox peaks centering at 0.9 V versus Ag/AgCl in 0.1 mol L−1 H2SO4.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9627-y
Authors
Z. Zhou, Hunan University State key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha 410082 People’s Republic of China
D. L. He, Hunan University State key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha 410082 People’s Republic of China
R. H. Yang, Hunan University State key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha 410082 People’s Republic of China
Y. N. Guo, Hunan University State key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha 410082 People’s Republic of China
J. F. Zhong, Hunan University State key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha 410082 People’s Republic of China
G. X. Li, Hunan University State key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha 410082 People’s Republic of China
Abstract Polypyrrole films doped with oxalic acid and tungstate were potentiostatically electropolymerized on aluminum alloy 1100.
Two statistical factorial designs (fractional and complete) were used to study the influence of the synthesis variables on
the film performance against corrosion. Corrosion protection of the polypyrrole films doped with oxalate and tungstate anions
(PPy/OXA/W) on the aluminum alloy was evaluated by potentiometric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements
in a 0.05 mol L−1 NaCl solution. The results obtained showed that the best performance against corrosion was detected with the PPy/OXA/W film
synthesized at 1.0 V, 1.5 C in 0.2 mol L−1 pyrrole, 0.1 mol L−1 oxalic acid and 0.05 mol L−1 sodium tungstate solutions provide a protective effect against corrosion.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9640-1
Authors
Kátia R. L. Castagno, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Chemistry Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS Brazil
Denise S. Azambuja, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Chemistry Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS Brazil
Viviane Dalmoro, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Chemistry Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS Brazil
Abstract A multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is described for the measurement of trace levels
of uranium by anodic stripping voltammetry. In a pH 4.4 NaAc-Hac buffer containing 0.010 mol L−1 Mg(NO3)2, UO22+ was adsorbed onto the surface of a MWNT film coated glassy carbon electrode and then reduced at −0.40 V vs. Ag/AgCl. During
the positive potential sweep the reduced uranium was oxidized and a well-defined stripping peak appeared at +0.20 V vs. Ag/AgCl.
Low concentrations of Mg2+ significantly enhanced the stripping peak currents since they induced UO22+ to adsorb at the electrode surface. The response was linear up to 1.2 × 10−7 mol L−1 and the relative standard deviation at 2.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 uranium was 5.2%. Potential interferences were examined. The attractive behavior of the new “mercury-free” uranium sensor
holds promise for on-site environmental and industrial monitoring of uranium.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9647-7
Authors
Ahmad Nozad Golikand, NSTRI Jaber Ibne Hayan Research Labs., Chemistry Department P.O. Box 14395-836 Tehran Iran
Mehdi Asgari, NSTRI Jaber Ibne Hayan Research Labs., Chemistry Department P.O. Box 14395-836 Tehran Iran
Mohammad Ghannadi Maragheh, NSTRI Jaber Ibne Hayan Research Labs., Chemistry Department P.O. Box 14395-836 Tehran Iran
Elaheh Lohrasbi, NSTRI Jaber Ibne Hayan Research Labs., Chemistry Department P.O. Box 14395-836 Tehran Iran
Abstract Carbon-supported Pt catalysts were prepared using NaBH4 as a reducing agent in either ethylene glycol or water for use as a cathode catalyst in PEMFCs (polymer electrolyte membrane
fuel cells). Aqueous NaBH4 solution was used to reduce Pt precursor and to produce the Pt-W catalyst, while Pt-E and Pt-E-base catalysts were synthesized
using NaBH4 in ethylene glycol for the reduction of Pt. Compared to Pt-W catalyst, Pt-E and Pt-E-base catalysts have higher Pt dispersion
and larger EAS (electrochemically active surface area) due to the stabilizing effect of ethylene glycolic NaBH4 solution on Pt particles. In addition, increasing pH of the preparation solution improved the Pt dispersion (Pt-E-base).
In unit cell tests the performance of Pt catalysts decreased in the following order: Pt-E-base > Pt-E > Pt-commercial > Pt-W.
Higher metal dispersion and larger EAS are believed to be responsible for the superior performance of Pt-E catalysts, particularly
Pt-E-base, compared to other catalysts.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9645-9
Authors
Ji Bong Joo, Seoul National University School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-ku Seoul 151-742 South Korea
Pil Kim, Chonbuk National University School of Chemical Engineering & Specialized Graduate School of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Engineering Deokjin-dong 1ga, Deokjin-ku Jeonju 561-756 South Korea
Wooyoung Kim, Seoul National University School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-ku Seoul 151-742 South Korea
Younghun Kim, Kwangwoon University Department of Chemical Engineering Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu Seoul 139-701 South Korea
Jongheop Yi, Seoul National University School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-ku Seoul 151-742 South Korea
Abstract Electrochemical decolourisation of Reactive Orange 16 was carried out in an electrochemical flow-cell, using as working electrodes
a Pt thin film deposited on a Ti substrate (Pt/Ti) prepared by the Pechini method and a pure platinum (Pt) foil. Using the
Pt/Ti electrodes better results for dye decolourisation were obtained under milder conditions than those used for pure Pt.
For the Pt electrode, colour removal of 93 % (λ = 493 nm) was obtained after 60 min, at 2.2 V vs. RHE, using 0.017 mol L−1 NaCl + 0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4 solution. For the Pt/Ti electrode there was better colour removal, 98%, than for the Pt electrode. Moreover, we used 0.017 mol L−1 NaCl solution and the applied potential was 1.8 V. Under this condition after 15 min of electrolysis, more than 80% of colour
was removed. The rate reaction constant, assuming a first order reaction, was 0.024 min−1 and 0.069 min−1, for Pt and Pt/Ti electrodes, respectively.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9649-5
Authors
L. Gomes, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Química de São Carlos C.P. 780 CEP 13560-970 São Carlos SP Brazil
R. G. Freitas, NANOFAEL—LIEC—DQ—UFSCar C.P. 676 CEP 13565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil
G. R. P. Malpass, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Química de São Carlos C.P. 780 CEP 13560-970 São Carlos SP Brazil
E. C. Pereira, NANOFAEL—LIEC—DQ—UFSCar C.P. 676 CEP 13565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil
A. J. Motheo, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Química de São Carlos C.P. 780 CEP 13560-970 São Carlos SP Brazil
Abstract Inhibition of corrosion processes of copper in aerated 3.5% NaCl solutions by 5-(3-aminophenyl)-tetrazole (APT) has been investigated
using open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostatic current–time, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,
and weight loss measurements together with pH and Raman spectroscopy. Increasing concentrations of APT greatly decreased the
corrosion rate and increased the surface and polarization resistance. It was concluded that the adsorption of APT blocks the
active sites on the copper surface leading to the formation of cuprous chloride and oxychloride complexes. This was supported
by the Raman spectrum obtained from the copper surface after 24 days of immersion in a 3.5% NaCl solution containing 5.0 mM
APT. The results collectively are in good agreement and show clearly that APT is a good corrosion inhibitor for copper under
the conditions studied.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9641-0
Authors
El-Sayed M. Sherif, University of the Witwatersrand DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, Physics Building Johannesburg, Wits 2050 South Africa
R. M. Erasmus, University of the Witwatersrand DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, Physics Building Johannesburg, Wits 2050 South Africa
J. D. Comins, University of the Witwatersrand DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, Physics Building Johannesburg, Wits 2050 South Africa
Abstract New kinds of additive, 4-alkyloxypyridne derivatives, were synthesized by introducing an alkyloxy group into the 4-position
of 2-methylpyridine. The influence of these electrolyte additives on the short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc) of dye sensitized solar cells was investigated by combining electrochemical and spectral techniques. With the addition of
pyridine derivatives to the electrolyte, a decrease in the rate of dye regeneration was observed by laser flash photolysis
measurements and cyclic voltammetry, whereas, measurement of electrochemical impedence spectra showed an increase in the charge
transfer resistance due to the formation of a complex between the pyridine derivatives and iodine, as identified by an absorption
peak around 378 nm in the UV–Vis spectra. This leads to a decrease in Jsc of dye-sensitized solar cells. This adverse effect on the Jsc can be attributed to reaction or coordination between the dye cations and the iodine in the electrolyte.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9648-6
Authors
Xiong Yin, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry Beijing 100190 China
Weiwei Tan, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry Beijing 100190 China
Jingbo Zhang, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry Beijing 100190 China
Yuan Lin, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry Beijing 100190 China
Xurui Xiao, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry Beijing 100190 China
Xiaowen Zhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry Beijing 100190 China
Xueping Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry Beijing 100190 China
Babasaheb Raghunath Sankapal, North Maharashtra University Thin Film and Nano Science Laboratory, Department of Physics Jalgaon 425001 India
Abstract Nano-sized calcium zincate powders used as active materials for a secondary Zn electrode were prepared by a chemical co-precipitation
method. The properties were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), micro-Raman spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption
experiments. The secondary Zn electrodes using chemical co-precipitation calcium zincate powders (CP-ZnCa) and ball-milled
calcium zincate powders (BM-ZnCa), were examined and compared. The electrochemical performance of the secondary Zn electrodes
was systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. It was demonstrated
that the electrochemical properties of the secondary Zn-pasted electrode using CP-ZnCa powders were greatly improved, as compared
with conventional secondary ZnO electrodes. The results indicated that secondary Ni-Zn batteries using CP-ZnCa powders exhibited
a better charge/discharge property and a longer life-cycle performance, compared with those based on ball-milled ZnO + Ca(OH)2 (BM-ZnCa) powders.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9637-9
Authors
Chen-Chen Yang, Mingchi University of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Taipei Hsien 243 Taiwan, ROC
Wen-Chen Chien, Mingchi University of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Taipei Hsien 243 Taiwan, ROC
Po-Wei Chen, Mingchi University of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Taipei Hsien 243 Taiwan, ROC
Cheng-Yeou Wu, Taiwan Power Company Taiwan Power Research Institute Taipei Taiwan, ROC
Abstract A novel methodological approach for the determination of catechol based on a Belousov-Zhabotinskii type oscillating system
is presented. Such an oscillating reaction involves the oxidation of malic acid in an acidic bromate medium in the presence
of a catalyst—macrocyclic complex [CuL] (ClO4)2. The unsaturated ligand L in the complex [CuL] (ClO4)2 is 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexemethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene. By perturbation of catechol on the oscillating chemical
reaction, the increase in the oscillation amplitude is linearly proportional to the logarithm of the concentration of catechol
in the range 2.1 × 10−6–2.1 × 10−4 M, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9976. The R.S.D obtained for 7.88 × 10−5 M catechol is 3.8% (n = 5). Cyclic voltammetry was applied to explore the mechanism of catechol perturbation on the oscillating chemical reaction.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Short Communication
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9629-9
Authors
Panpan Chen, Anhui University Department of Chemistry Hefei 230039 People’s Republic of China
Gang Hu, Anhui University Department of Chemistry Hefei 230039 People’s Republic of China
Wei Wang, Anhui University Department of Chemistry Hefei 230039 People’s Republic of China
Jimei Song, Anhui University Department of Chemistry Hefei 230039 People’s Republic of China
Lingguang Qiu, Anhui University Department of Chemistry Hefei 230039 People’s Republic of China
Hongliang Wang, Anhui University Department of Chemistry Hefei 230039 People’s Republic of China
Lulu Chen, Anhui University Department of Chemistry Hefei 230039 People’s Republic of China
Jinfeng Zhang, Anhui University Department of Chemistry Hefei 230039 People’s Republic of China
Lin Hu, East China Jiaotong University Institute of Applied Chemistry Nanchang 330013 People’s Republic of China
Abstract The oxygen reduction activity and methanol tolerance of Pt–Bi/C electrocatalysts were studied using electrochemical voltammetric
techniques including rotating ring-disk electrode. The Pt–Bi/C catalyst was prepared via a polyol method and subjected to
heat treatment to increase the degree of alloying. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the unalloyed character of the as-prepared
catalyst and alloy formation upon heat treatment. The electrochemical behaviour of both catalysts showed different behaviour
in dilute acid electrolytes, namely sulphuric and perchloric acids. In both electrolytes, the oxygen reduction reaction was
found to occur via the four-electron process revealing that the mechanism of oxygen reduction is unaltered even in the presence
of excess of methanol. Pt–Bi/C catalyst material showed dramatically different properties and reactivity with respect to oxygen
reduction activity and methanol tolerance in perchloric and sulphuric acids. The onset potential for oxygen reduction reaction
(ORR) significantly shifted by about 100 mV to more negative values and at the same time the current density was significantly
enhanced. This type of non-ideal methanol-tolerant behaviour among Pt bimetallics and a “trade off” is common with all the
known so-called methanol tolerant combinations of Pt. In general, the Pt–Bi surface appeared to have a negligibly lesser sensitivity
towards methanol activity compared to pure platinum.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9638-8
Authors
C. Jeyabharathi, Central Electrochemical Research Institute Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division Karaikudi 630006 India
J. Mathiyarasu, Central Electrochemical Research Institute Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division Karaikudi 630006 India
K. L. N. Phani, Central Electrochemical Research Institute Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division Karaikudi 630006 India
Abstract Nickel-dimethylglyoxime complex (abbreviated as Ni(II)(DMG)2) modified carbon paste and graphite electrodes were prepared by mixing Ni(II)(DMG)2 with graphite paste, and coating Ni(II)(DMG)2 to the graphite surface. It is necessary to cycle the electrode potential to a high value (e.g. 0.8 V versus SCE) for the
preparation of the modified electrodes. The electrochemical reaction was originally assumed to be a one-electron process converting
Ni(II)(DMG)2 to [(DMG)2(H2O)Ni(III)ONi(III)(OH)(DMG)2]−. [(DMG)2(H2O)Ni(III)ONi(III)(OH)(DMG)2]− showed a strong catalytic activity toward electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol. The electrocatalytic oxidation currents
consistently increase with the increase in Ni(II)(DMG)2 loading, OH−, and alcohol concentrations. Rotating disk electrode results obtained with a Ni(II)(DMG)2 coated graphite disk electrode showed that the electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohol is a 4-electron process producing formate
anion (methanol oxidation) or acetate anion (ethanol oxidation). A mechanism for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol/ethanol
was proposed, and a rate-determining step was also discussed.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s10800-008-9636-x
Authors
William S. Cardoso, Federal University of Maranhão Department of Chemistry Av. dos Portugueses, S/N, Campus do Bacanga São Luis MA 65080-040 Brazil
Vera L. N. Dias, Federal University of Maranhão Department of Technology Chemistry Av. dos Portugueses, S/N, Campus do Bacanga São Luis MA 65080-040 Brazil
Wendell M. Costa, Federal University of Maranhão Department of Technology Chemistry Av. dos Portugueses, S/N, Campus do Bacanga São Luis MA 65080-040 Brazil
Isaide de Araujo Rodrigues, Federal University of Maranhão Department of Chemistry Av. dos Portugueses, S/N, Campus do Bacanga São Luis MA 65080-040 Brazil
Edmar P. Marques, Federal University of Maranhão Department of Chemistry Av. dos Portugueses, S/N, Campus do Bacanga São Luis MA 65080-040 Brazil
Antonio G. Sousa, Federal University of Paraiba Department of Chemistry Cidade Universitaria Joao Pessoa PB 58051-970 Brazil
J. Boaventura, Federal University of Bahia Institute of Chemistry Barao de Jeremoado, S/N, Campus Universitario de, Ondina Salvador BA 40170-115 Brazil
Cicero W. B. Bezerra, Federal University of Maranhão Department of Chemistry Av. dos Portugueses, S/N, Campus do Bacanga São Luis MA 65080-040 Brazil
Chaojie Song, National Research Council Canada Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1W5
Hansan Liu, National Research Council Canada Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1W5
Jiujun Zhang, National Research Council Canada Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1W5
Aldaléa L. B. Marques, Federal University of Maranhão Department of Technology Chemistry Av. dos Portugueses, S/N, Campus do Bacanga São Luis MA 65080-040 Brazil
