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Zhongrui Wang, V. Tjoa, L. Wu, W. J. Liu, Z. Fang et al.<br/> Resistive switching in Graphene Oxide (GO) based RRAM has been studied in combination with various commonly used electrodes e.g. Al, Cu, Ni and Ti. For the first time, coexistence of different reproducible switching directions has been observed in the Al/GO/Pt and the Ti/GO/Pt RRAM cells. These swit ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, K177 (2012)] published Thu Apr 5, 2012.
M. K. Debe, S. M. Hendricks, G. D. Vernstrom, M. Meyers, M. Brostrom et al.<br/> Water based electrolyzers offer a promising approach for generating hydrogen gas for renewable energy storage. 3M's nanostructured thin film (NSTF) catalyst technology platform has been shown to significantly reduce many of the performance, cost and durability barriers standing in the way of H/air P ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, K165 (2012)] published Wed Apr 4, 2012.
Kuan Zhong, Yanchao Mao, Xiaofeng Sun, Chaolun Liang, Peng Liu et al.<br/> The electrochemical and optical properties of ZnO nanowires modified with Ag nanoparticles by electrodeposition are studied. The results of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry show that the radiated, well-crystallized ZnO-nanowire electrode, with a spacial architecture, allows fast Ag(I) ion di ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, K161 (2012)] published Fri Mar 23, 2012.
Huimin Zhao, Yaqiong Chen, Junping Tian, Hongtao Yu, and Xie Quan<br/> A novel electrochemical sensor for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) was developed by modifying carboxyl acid functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (c-MWNTs) doped with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (MI ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, J231 (2012)] published Wed May 2, 2012.
Hyun Kyoung Yang, Byung Kee Moon, Byung Chun Choi, Jung Hyun Jeong, and Kwang Ho Kim<br/> YVO micro-rods were synthesized using a high-energy ball milling (HEB) method without other chemicals or solvents. The powder samples were sintered in air at 350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 degrees C for 5 h to form the polycrystalline YVO micro-rods. The effects of the processing parameters on the ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, J227 (2012)] published Fri Apr 20, 2012.
Hai Guo, XueYun Liu, Fang Li, RongFei Wei, YunLe Wei et al.<br/> Eu and Eu co-doped aluminosilicate glass and glass ceramics containing BaAlSiO were prepared by melt-quenching technique in air and their luminescent properties were investigated by excitation, emission spectra and lifetime measurement. Intensities of Eu and Eu emissions in glass ceramics were enhan ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, J223 (2012)] published Tue Apr 17, 2012.
Eder Jose Guidelli, Elidia Maria Guerra, and Marcelo Mulato<br/> Vanadium/titanium mixed oxide films were produced using the sol-gel route. The structural investigation revealed that increased TiO molar ratio in the mixed oxide disturbs the VO crystalline structure and makes it amorphous. This blocks the TiO phase transformation, so TiO stabilizes in the anatase ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, J217 (2012)] published Tue Apr 10, 2012.
Mikhail G. Brik and Alok M. Srivastava<br/> The structural, electronic, optical and elastic properties of the potassium hexafluorosilicate (KSiF) lattice have been evaluated by the Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based ab initio calculating techniques. The first estimations of the bandgap, elastic constants, and Debye temperature are reported ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, J212 (2012)] published Thu Apr 5, 2012.
Y. Z. Yoo, J. S. Choi, K. J. Kim, G. J. Woo, and B. M. Park<br/> The influence of auto-doped oxygen on the activation efficiency of the Si dopant in GaN is directly observed. The activation efficiency of the Si dopant showed a drastic decrease, from 55% to 30%, in response to a slightly increased oxygen concentration. This decrease revealed that auto-doped oxygen ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, J209 (2012)] published Wed Apr 4, 2012.
Sung-Gi Hur, Hyung-Jin Choi, Soon-Gil Yoon, and Geun-Hong Kim<br/> Photo-response switching of the CdS films grown at an optimum condition for the photo-sensor applications was investigated by an application of the electrical field. Recovery to the original dark-resistance after a light-off was achieved for 60 s by an application of the electrical field (~30 V) in ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, J205 (2012)] published Fri Mar 23, 2012.
C. W. Chang, M. H. Hon, and I. C. Leu<br/> We use a simple and all-aqueous method, transfer printing, to pattern solution-processed graphene oxide (GO). We took advantage of the naturally charged property of GO, which were prepared using the Hummers' method, to pattern it on the Si/SiO substrates which were pre-soaked in polyethyleneimine (P ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H605 (2012)] published Tue May 8, 2012.
Y. C. Lin, T. Y. Chen, L. C. Wang, and S. Y. Lien<br/> This study prepared aluminum and gallium co-doped zinc oxide (AGZO) thin films using pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering, and studied the electrical properties, transmittance, effects of texturing, and applicability as the front contact for a-Si:H solar cells. Textured ZnO:Al (AZO) and ZnO:Ga ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H599 (2012)] published Fri Apr 20, 2012.
Adam Birge and Yue Kuo<br/> Memory functions of MOS capacitors with the nanocrystalline ITO embedded zirconium-doped hafnium oxide high-k gate dielectric thin film and the ITO gate electrode have been studied. Compared with the capacitor of the same dielectric stack but an aluminum gate, the ITO gated sample has a larger charg ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H595 (2012)] published Wed Apr 18, 2012.
Somnath Mondal, Jim-Long Her, Shao-Ju Shih, and Tung-Ming Pan<br/> The structural and electrical properties of LuO dielectric films deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on TaN electrode have been studied for metalinsulatormetal (MIM) capacitor in analog/RF applications. From X-ray diffraction study, it is observed that the deposited films remain a ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H589 (2012)] published Thu Apr 5, 2012.
B. C. Peethala, H. P. Amanapu, U. R. K. Lagudu, and S. V. Babu<br/> A colloidal silica-based slurry with HO (1 wt%) as the oxidizer and arginine (0.5 wt%) as the complexing agent was found to polish cobalt (Co) with superior performance (better post-polish surface quality and no pit formation) at pH 10 compared to pH 6 and 8. At pH 10, there is no measurable dissolu ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H582 (2012)] published Wed Apr 4, 2012.
Dong-Jin Yun and Shi-Woo Rhee<br/> The Oxygen (O) annealing processes of metal electrode in rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and furnace were applied to modify surface properties including work function and bonding state without change in bulk properties. The Mo/Ti (50/3 nm) and Cu/Ti (50/3 nm) films were annealed at different temperatu ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H575 (2012)] published Tue Apr 3, 2012.
P. G. D. Agopian, J. A. Martino, E. Simoen, and C. Claeys<br/> In this work, the impact of global and/or local strain engineering techniques on tri-gate p- and nMuGFETs performance is experimentally evaluated. Multiple gate structures were analyzed through basic and analog performance parameters for four different splits processed with different strain-engineer ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H570 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Feng Jiang, Honglie Shen, Jiale Jin, and Wei Wang<br/> The CuZnSnS (CZTS) film was successfully prepared and the Raman peaks at 251, 288, 335 and 368 cm were observed. The light absorption coefficient of CZTS film is higher than 10 cm and the energy bandgap is estimated to be about 1.5 eV. The photo-current response under different electrical field was ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H565 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Ja-Yong Kim, Deok-Sin Kil, Jin-Hyock Kim, Se-Hun Kwon, Ji-Hoon Ahn et al.<br/> Ru films were produced by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with an alternating supply of bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium (Ru(EtCp)) and ozone at deposition temperatures of 225275 degrees C. Ozone acted as an effective reactant for Ru(EtCp). The Ru film thicknesses formed during one cycle were satur ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H560 (2012)] published Fri Mar 30, 2012.
Silvia Baldovino, Alessio Lamperti, Marco Fanciulli, and Alessandro Molle<br/> The electrical quality of the GeO/Ge interface, prior to and after GdO deposition, has been investigated as a function of the oxidizer (atomic O, O, O) used for the GeO based passivation of the Ge surface. In particular, the density of interface traps depends on the details of the Ge oxidation proce ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H555 (2012)] published Thu Mar 22, 2012.
F. Varmaghani, D. Nematollahi, and S. Mallakpour<br/> Cyclic voltammetry results as a diagnostic technique for electrochemical oxidation of 4-(4-R-phenyl)-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-diones (1-5) are reported and discussed. The results indicate that the electrochemically generated 4-(4-R-phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diones (1ox-5ox) are unstable and partic ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, F174 (2012)] published Mon Apr 30, 2012.
Michael May, Elizabeth Paul, and Vladimir Katovic<br/> The electrolytic decomposition of C-enriched oxalic acid was investigated. Oxalic acid and oxalic acid-C were pre-purified by vacuum sublimation and characterized by assay, melting range, and FTIR. An Integrated Vacuum Electrochemical Reactor (IVER) was employed to convert aqueous-phase oxalic acid ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, F166 (2012)] published Fri Apr 13, 2012.
Rahul Pal, S. Anthonysamy, and V. Ganesan<br/> Electrochemistry of deposition of boron on a platinum electrode from KCl (81.54 mol%)-KF (18.45 mol%)-KBF (1.6 to 7.73 x 10 mol cm) melts was studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and convolution voltammetry. These studies were carried out over the temperature range 10731123 K. Boron-co ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, F157 (2012)] published Fri Apr 6, 2012.
Minzhi Wang and Jianbin Zheng<br/> The direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin (Hb) immobilized on the designed carboxyl functionalized polystyrene/graphene-carbon nanotube-Nafion modified indium tin oxide (PS/GE-CNT-Nafion/ITO) electrode and its electrocatalysis for hydrogen peroxide (HO) were investigated. UV-visible and Fourier-tran ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, F150 (2012)] published Wed Apr 4, 2012.
James R. Jennings and Qing Wang<br/> Errors in impedance measurements made on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and in subsequent model-based parameter extraction have been analyzed. The variance in the impedance was determined from replicate measurements using a measurement model approach. Measurement models were also used to identify ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, F141 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Dingding Tang, Wei Xiao, Huayi Yin, Longfei Tian, and Dihua Wang<br/> Direct electrochemical reduction of solid CaWO to fine W powder in molten CaCl-NaCl was studied by cyclic voltammetric measurement and potentiostatic/constant-voltage electrolysis. The effect of electrolysis conditions such as electrolysis time, temperature and voltage on the quality of the product ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, E139 (2012)] published Tue May 1, 2012.
Hamid Mohammad Shiri and Mustafa Aghazadeh<br/> Capsule-like NiO nanoparticles were prepared by heat-treatment of the cathodically electrodeposited nickel hydroxide at 300 degrees C for three hours. The hydroxide precursor was deposited galvanostatically onto the stainless steel substrate from aqueous Ni(NO) solution (0.01 M). Morphological, stru ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, E132 (2012)] published Mon Apr 23, 2012.
Hanieh Ghadimi, Abdussalam Salhin Mohamed Ali, Norita Mohamed, and Sulaiman Ab Ghani<br/> The electrochemical oxidation of catechol in the presence of TSC in buffer solution (pH 5.3) was studied by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential coulometry. The controlled potential coulometry was carried out with composite graphite working electrode. The oxidation mechanism was then suggeste ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, E127 (2012)] published Tue Apr 10, 2012.
Rong-Hsin Huang, Wen-Kai Chao, Ruei-Sung Yu, Rong-Tan Huang, Kan-Lin Hsueh et al.<br/> Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized via a rapid and convenient electrochemical method using sodium montmorillonite (MMT), a naturally occurring mineral, as both a stabilizer and a carrier. X-ray diffraction results showed that the AgNPs had face-centered cubic crystal structur ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, E122 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Murat Ates, Ipek Osken, and Turan Ozturk<br/> 3,5-Dithiophene-2-yldithieno[3,2-b;2,3-d]thiophene (ThyDTT) and ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) were electro-copolymerized on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (NaClO)/acetonitrile (ACN)/dichloromethane (CHCl) (8:2) solution. Poly(ThyDTT-co-EDOT)/GCE thin film was characterized ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, E115 (2012)] published Thu Mar 29, 2012.
V. C. Nguyen, C. Y. Lee, L. Chang, F. J. Chen, and C. S. Lin<br/> In this study, the internal stress of Ni coating electroplated in the supercritical-CO (Sc-CO) mixed Watts bath was investigated with a focus on the effects of plating parameters and additives. Both the internal stresses of the Ni coatings and their corresponding microstructures were examined. A rel ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, D393 (2012)] published Thu May 3, 2012.
Nathan Fritz, Hyo-Chol Koo, Zachary Wilson, Erdal Uzunlar, Zhongsheng Wen et al.<br/> In this study, the electroless deposition of copper and silver was investigated on epoxy and silicon dioxide-based substrates. A cost-efficient, Sn/Ag catalyst was investigated as a replacement for the Sn/Pd catalyst currently used in board technology. The surface of the epoxy based polyhedral oligo ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, D386 (2012)] published Fri Apr 13, 2012.
Yeung Au, Qing Min Wang, Huazhi Li, Jean-Sebastien M. Lehn, Deo V. Shenai et al.<br/> Through-silicon vias (TSV) will speed up interconnections between chips. Manufacturable and cost-effective TSVs will allow faster computer systems. In this paper, we report the successful formation of seed layers for plating copper TSVs with aspect ratios greater than 25:1. Following the rapid atomi ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, D382 (2012)] published Fri Apr 13, 2012.
Yan Liu and Wei Wang<br/> Investigation on the Cu(II) and Co(II) electrochemical reduction kinetics in citrate solution provides important theoretical guidance for the preparation of Cu-Co alloy materials. Kinetics of Cu(II) and Co(II) co-electrodeposition in citrate solution was investigated by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and E ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, D375 (2012)] published Tue Apr 10, 2012.
Liang-Hsun Lai, Ke-Jie Huang, Sham-Tsong Shiue, Jing-Tang Chang, and Ju-Liang He<br/> When ethylene/nitrogen (CH/N) mixtures are used to deposit carbon films by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD), effects of CH/(CH + N) ratios on the deposition rate and microstructures of carbon films are investigated. Experimental results reveal that the deposition rate of carbon films increase ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, D367 (2012)] published Tue Apr 10, 2012.
Yu-Chung Chen, Feng-Ching Hsiao, Bo-Wen Lin, Bau-Ming Wang, YewChung Sermon Wu et al.<br/> A two-step chemical wet etching processes were used to investigated the formation and the plane indexes of exposed etched facets of wet etching patterned sapphire substrate (PSS). It was found when SiO mask still remained on the top c-plane, the structure of PSS comprised of a hexagonal pyramid cove ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, D362 (2012)] published Tue Apr 10, 2012.
Hoo Keun Park, Sung Pyo Hong, and Young Rag Do<br/> In this study, ZnO nanorods were grown on indium-tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate using a hydrothermal-electrochemical method in a Zn(NO) aqueous solution. To optimize the properties of ZnO nanorods grown on the ITO-coated glass substrate, the effects of growth parameters, such as the thicknes ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, D355 (2012)] published Wed Apr 4, 2012.
E. Chassaing, N. Naghavi, M. Bouttemy, V. Bockelee, J. Vigneron et al.<br/> The electrochemical deposition of indium sulfide layers is investigated with the aim of replacing cadmium sulfide layers in copper-indium-gallium diselenide thin film solar cells. In this paper the deposition conditions are first investigated from theoretical solution chemistry analysis. Experiments ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, D347 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Sunjung Kim and Luda Lee<br/> Cu-Co alloy substrate was formed on the Au-seeded p-GaN side of sapphire wafer specimens to function as a secondary substrate of vertical structure GaN-based light emitting diode (LED), using electrodeposition method at constant potentials in an acidic citrate electrolyte. Potentiostatic deposition ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, D341 (2012)] published Tue Mar 27, 2012.
N. Murer, N. A. Missert, and R. G. Buchheit<br/> Finite element modeling based on solving the Nernst-Planck equation was used to describe the evolution of current densities and pH distribution at the surface of a bimetallic system. This system consisted of five single copper particles fabricated on isolated, thin-film aluminum electrodes exposed t ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, C265 (2012)] published Mon Apr 30, 2012.
N. Missert, R. G. Copeland, C. M. Johnson, and J. C. Barbour<br/> Corrosion of aluminum in a system of engineered copper particles was studied in order to elucidate the nature of the interactions between multiple pitting sites. Single copper particles were fabricated on isolated, thin-film aluminum electrodes to enable independent measurements of excess anodic and ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, C259 (2012)] published Mon Apr 30, 2012.
Z. GrubaC, I. Skugor RonCevic, M. Metikos-Hukovic, R. Babic, M. Petravic et al.<br/> The use of self-assembling monolayers (SAM) of long chain carboxylic acids has a potential for designing specific interface architectures in degradable implants technology. In this paper, the native and anodically formed oxide films on the Mg-alloy (AZ91D) surface were modified with the SAMs of palm ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, C253 (2012)] published Wed Apr 4, 2012.
Matt S. Naughton, Akash A. Moradia, and Paul J. A. Kenis<br/> Fuel cells are gaining increasing attention as portable power sources due to their inherent efficiency advantages. Many aspects of electrode and catalyst behavior within an operating fuel cell, however, are still not well-understood. The major divide between catalyst-based rotating disk electrode ex ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B761 (2012)] published Wed May 9, 2012.
Lisa M. Onishi, John M. Prausnitz, and John Newman<br/> Steady-state diffusion coefficients of water in Nafion were determined in the absence of inert gases at 25 degrees C. A large range of water activity was investigated to determine average and differential diffusion coefficients. Flux decreased toward zero as the water activity gradient between water ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B754 (2012)] published Wed May 2, 2012.
Xiaoyu Ding, Sima Didari, Thomas F. Fuller, and Tequila A. L. Harris<br/> A new fabrication process to manufacture a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) by extrusion slot coating of ionomer onto a catalyzed gas diffusion layer (GDL) is presented. Preliminary coating tests were conducted to study the feasibility and effectiveness of directly coating Nafion D2021 onto catalyz ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B746 (2012)] published Wed Apr 18, 2012.
Chaozhong Qin, S. Majid Hassanizadeh, Dirk Rensink, and Stephan Fell<br/> The mathematical description of liquid water flooding in the gas channel (GC) of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) at the macro scale has remained a challenge up to now. The mist flow assumption in the GC has been commonly used in previous numerical studies. In this work, a one-dimensional (dow ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B737 (2012)] published Tue Apr 10, 2012.
Wisam J. Khudhayer, Nancy Kariuki, Deborah J. Myers, Ali U. Shaikh, and Tansel Karabacak<br/> Vertically aligned chromium nanorod arrays were grown on glassy carbon electrodes by a dc magnetron sputtering glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. The Cr nanorods were used as low-cost, high surface area, metallic supports for a conformal Pt thin film, resulting in a potential low-loading el ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B729 (2012)] published Tue Apr 10, 2012.
Yanhai Du, Daan Cui, Kenneth Reifsnider, and Fanglin Chen<br/> For portable applications, a fuel cell often experiences frequent startups and shutdowns. Therefore the startup and shutdown behaviors are critical to a portable solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and SOFC system. Startup characteristics of four propane-fueled hot zones were investigated. The hot zones we ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B723 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Alireza Torabi and Thomas H. Etsell<br/> Single cells based on Ni-CeO-WC-YSZ anodes were investigated as an alternative material for direct methane solid oxide fuel cells. First, a YSZ electrolyte-based cell with porous YSZ as the support for electrode materials on both sides was prepared. Then electrocatalyst materials were incorporated i ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B714 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Hanno Butsch, Christina Roth, Dietrich Ritzinger, Gregor Hoogers, and Achim Bock<br/> A device and a method for direct measurement of the local contact pressures of gas diffusion layers (GDL) are presented. The new tool determines the spatially resolved contact pressure on the GDL side opposite to the flow-field/GDL interface which is relevant to good electrical contact between the G ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B709 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Nebojsa Cebasek, Reidar Haugsrud, Jovan Milosevic, Zuoan Li, Jens B. Smith et al.<br/> The growth of LaNiO at the interface between LaO and NiO has been studied from 950 to 1450 degrees C in argon, air and oxygen. The thickness, microstructure and composition of the formed LaNiO layers have been characterized by means of SEM, EDX, EBSD, EPMA and XRD. The growth rate follows parabolic ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B702 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Moustafa Aboushabana, Norma R. de Tacconi, and Krishnan Rajeshwar<br/> Acid digestion and oxidation with HO were investigated as chemical pre-treatments that could improve the generation of H from coal as well as carbon black slurries by electrolysis. Among the different 1 M acids that were used in this study, namely HClO, HSO and HNO, digestion of Texas lignite coal ( ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B695 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
A. Grimaud, F. Mauvy, J. M. Bassat, S. Fourcade, L. Rocheron et al.<br/> Four mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) perovskite-related oxides were studied as potential H-SOFC cathode materials: LaSrFeCoO, BaSrCoFeO, PrBaCoO and PrNiO. Their hydration properties were measured by TGA: BaSrCoFeO shows the largest water uptake. Their electrochemical performances were char ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B683 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Katrin Schlogl, Marianne Hanzlik, and Matthias Arenz<br/> The identical location transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM) approach is used for a comparative study of the degradation of several standard Pt-based electrocatalysts for low temperature proton conducting membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). By comparing the quantitative Pt surface area loss with IL-TE ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B677 (2012)] published Thu Mar 29, 2012.
J. E. Harlow, D. A. Stevens, R. J. Sanderson, G. C.-K. Liu, L. B. Lohstreter et al.<br/> The electrochemical behavior of PtMn (0.1 < x < 0.8) catalysts prepared by magnetron sputtering were studied extensively using the rotating disk electrode technique, electron microprobe, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The data suggests that Mn forms an oxide layer at the sur ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B670 (2012)] published Tue Mar 27, 2012.
Aligul Buyukaksoy, Vladimir Petrovsky, and Fatih Dogan<br/> The long term performance of SOFC with nanocomposite Ni-YSZ anode and LSM-YSZ cathode was reported. The SOFC was prepared by infiltrating polymeric precursors of NiO and LSM from anode and cathode sides respectively. The fuel cell showed relatively high initial performance (0.49 Watt/cm at 800 degre ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B666 (2012)] published Fri Mar 23, 2012.
Mingfei Liu, Dong Ding, Yaohui Bai, Ting He, and Meilin Liu<br/> Doped ceria has been widely studied as electrolyte materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). While high peak power densities have been reported, the electronic conductivity of doped ceria under fuel cell operating conditions reduces the open circuit voltage (OCV) and ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B661 (2012)] published Fri Mar 23, 2012.
Jingjie Wu, Fengjie Xia, Mu Pan, and Xiao-Dong Zhou<br/> Simultaneous electrochemical activity and kinetic stability of the electrode materials are of paramount importance to the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this paper, we report a new material, titanium disilicide (TiSi), to support nano Pt electrocatalysts that were synth ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B654 (2012)] published Thu Mar 22, 2012.
J. Yablecki, A. Nabovati, and A. Bazylak<br/> In this paper the anisotropic effective thermal conductivity of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is determined using the two- and three-dimensional two-phase conjugate fluid-solid thermal lattice Boltzmann model. Using stochastic reconstructions of the GDL, the ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, B647 (2012)] published Thu Mar 22, 2012.
Christopher Joyce, Lynn Trahey, Sara A. Bauer, Fulya Dogan, and John T. Vaughey<br/> High capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries typically experience large crystallographic volume expansions due to formation of either alloy or Zintl LiM phases. This phenomena has been observed for several main group metals, including tin, silicon, and germanium, that are being considered ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A909 (2012)] published Wed May 2, 2012.
Joshua Lehr, Wesley M. Dose, Marina Yakovleva, and Scott W. Donne<br/> The effect of lithium concentration on LiMnO (x <= 0.3) materials prepared by co-precipitation/heating is investigated. Lithium concentration determines the phase formed, with three different phases identified in the concentration range. Low levels of lithiation (x = 0.08) leads to the formation of ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A904 (2012)] published Mon Apr 30, 2012.
Ho-Seong Nam, Nae-Lih Wu, Kuang-Tsin Lee, Kwang Man Kim, Chul Gi Yeom et al.<br/> Nanowire-structured MnO was synthesized by a sonochemical method and its electrochemical capacitances were investigated in three kinds of electrolytes: liquid-type KCl solution, potassium polyacrylate (PAAK), and potassium polyacrylate-co-polyacrylamide (PAAK-PAAM) gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). T ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A899 (2012)] published Mon Apr 30, 2012.
Zipeng Yan, Shu Cai, Xing Zhou, Yongming Zhao, and Lijuan Miao<br/> Nanostructured LiFeSiO/C composites have been successfully synthesized by adopting polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the surfactant and L-ascorbic acid as the carbon additive, using a sol-gel method based on the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis/condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The LiFeSiO/C nanocomposi ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A894 (2012)] published Tue Apr 24, 2012.
Chang Keun Back, Ri-Zhu Yin, Se-Jong Shin, Yoon-Soo Lee, Wanuk Choi et al.<br/> Electrochemical properties and gas evolution behavior of LiNiO are studied. In-situ gas evolution test of LiNiO cell shows that large amount of gas is evolved during the first delithiation process at two characteristic potential levels of about 3.6 V and 4.13 V vs. Li/Li for small gas and severe gas ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A887 (2012)] published Fri Apr 20, 2012.
Carmen M. Lopez, John T. Vaughey, and Dennis W. Dees<br/> With a theoretical specific capacity of 3862 mAh/g and other desirable properties such as high voltage, light weight, and high energy density, metallic lithium remains one of the materials of greatest promise for advanced battery applications. However, the complicated reactivity of this electrode wi ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A873 (2012)] published Wed Apr 18, 2012.
Saeed Khaleghi Rahimian, Sean Rayman, and Ralph E. White<br/> The state of charge (SOC) and the loss of active material of the electrodes of a Li ion cell under Low Earth Orbit condition (LEO) have been estimated using Kalman filtering methods, by means of the physics-based single particle (SP) model. Zero mean Gaussian noise was added to the charge-discharge ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A860 (2012)] published Wed Apr 18, 2012.
Tommy Georgios Zavalis, Marten Behm, and Goran Lindbergh<br/> A short-circuited lithium-ion battery cell is likely to generate sufficient heat to initiate exothermic side reactions causing thermal runaway. A 2D coupled electrochemical-thermal model was developed to investigate a prismatic LiNiCoAlO|LiPF, EC/EMC (3:7)|MAG-10 battery cell that is short-circuited ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A848 (2012)] published Mon Apr 16, 2012.
Zhijun Jia, Baoguo Wang, Shiqiang Song, and Xiao Chen<br/> Glycerin and n-propyl alcohol have been investigated as electrolyte additives for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB). The effects of these additives on the electrochemical performances of VRBF positive electrolyte were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A843 (2012)] published Mon Apr 16, 2012.
Xiaofeng Zhang and Richard L. Axelbaum<br/> Uniform, spherical powders consisting of nanostructured Li-excess LiNiMnO (0.375 <= x <= 0.5) were synthesized via a spray pyrolysis approach using mixed nitrate precursors. Among the materials produced, the layered LiNiMnO (R[overline 3]m) attained a capacity of over 250 mAhg, which is comparable t ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A834 (2012)] published Fri Apr 13, 2012.
Jianhua Liu, Junwei An, Yuxiao Ma, Mengliu Li, and Rongbao Ma<br/> A novel composite was obtained by hybridizing polypyrrole (PPY) nanotubes with chemically reduced graphene sheets, which comprehensively utilizes the advantages of electric double layer (EDL) capacitor and pseudo-capacitor. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images rev ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A828 (2012)] published Wed Apr 11, 2012.
R. Cornut, D. Lepage, and S. B. Schougaard<br/> In the present study, the importance of thorough active material and carbon mixing for the performance of LiFePO based electrodes was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A simple transformation of experimental data was introduced to identify the portion of the discharge curves that corres ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A822 (2012)] published Wed Apr 11, 2012.
Hsiao-Ying Shadow Huang and Yi-Xu Wang<br/> It has been suggested that structural failures are the primary factor responsible for the observed rate-capacity fade of lithium-ion batteries. In the present study, we report three different lithium intercalation-induced dislocation mechanisms explaining experimentally observed cracks. We use the t ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A815 (2012)] published Tue Apr 10, 2012.
M. Pfanzelt, P. Kubiak, S. Jacke, L. Dimesso, W. Jaegermann et al.<br/> X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and symmetric electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are carried out to identify and determine the nature of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation on TiO rutile anodes in lithium ion batteries. The recorded XPS spectra (O1s, C1s, P2p and Li1s an ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A809 (2012)] published Tue Apr 10, 2012.
Ali Awarke, Michael Wittler, Stefan Pischinger, and Jens Bockstette<br/> To gain insight into the collector-electrode interface in Li-ion batteries, a mesoscale model resolved at the particle scale in a representative volume element domain was developed. The underlying microstructure was first generated using a random packing and a dynamic collision algorithm. A finite e ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A798 (2012)] published Tue Apr 10, 2012.
Soren Hojgaard Jensen, Kurt Engelbrecht, and Carlos Bernuy-Lopez<br/> Detailed characterization of battery modules is necessary to construct reliable models that incorporate performance related aspects of the modules such as thermodynamics, electrochemical reaction kinetics and degradation mechanisms. Charge-discharge curves, temperature and battery impedance measurem ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A791 (2012)] published Fri Apr 6, 2012.
Jason R. Croy, Donghan Kim, Mahalingam Balasubramanian, Kevin Gallagher, Sun-Ho Kang et al.<br/> A new approach to synthesizing high capacity lithium-metal-oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries from a LiMnO precursor is described. The technique, which is simple and versatile, can be used to prepare a variety of integrated `composite' electrode structures, such as `layered-layered' xLiMnO(1x) ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A781 (2012)] published Fri Apr 6, 2012.
P. Andrei, J. P. Zheng, M. Hendrickson, and E. J. Plichta<br/> Li-air batteries with organic electrolyte at the anode and aqueous electrolyte at the cathode (dual electrolyte systems) are modeled using the mass transport and drift-diffusion equations of the electrolyte during the discharge of the cells. Two regimes of operation are analyzed: (1) when the concen ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A770 (2012)] published Fri Apr 6, 2012.
M. V. Reddy, X. W. Valerie Teoh, T. B. Nguyen, Y. Y. Michelle Lim, and B. V. R. Chowdari<br/> The compounds, TiO-1 & -2 were synthesized by 0.5 M NaNO: 0.5 M KNO (I) and 0.88 M LiNO:0.12 MLiCl (II) salts at 510 degrees C and 280 degrees C, resp.., XRD studies show single anatase phase with characteristic tetragonal lattice parameter values of a ~3.78 A and c ~ 9.51 A. The TEM images show agg ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A762 (2012)] published Thu Apr 5, 2012.
Gouri Radhakrishnan, Joanna D. Cardema, Paul M. Adams, Hyun I. Kim, and Brendan Foran<br/> Single and multilayer graphene films offer the potential for significant weight reduction in lithium-ion batteries for next-generation power systems, including microbatteries. When scaling down Li-ion battery size and weight, it is important to understand the impact of reducing the number of graphen ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A752 (2012)] published Thu Apr 5, 2012.
Marshall C. Smart, Brett L. Lucht, Swapnil Dalavi, Frederick C. Krause, and Bugga V. Ratnakumar<br/> The effect of additives upon the ability of meso-carbon microbead (MCMB) carbon/ LiNiCoO lithium-ion cells containing methyl butyrate-based electrolytes to provide operation over a wide temperature range (60 to +60 degrees C) was investigated. A number of electrolyte additives were studied, includin ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A739 (2012)] published Wed Apr 4, 2012.
Hadi Tavassol, Joseph W. Buthker, Glen A. Ferguson, Larry A. Curtiss, and Andrew A. Gewirth<br/> We report the results of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) measurements along with detailed calculations examining the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on battery ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A730 (2012)] published Tue Apr 3, 2012.
Akira Kojima, Toshikatsu Kojima, Mitsuharu Tabuchi, and Tetsuo Sakai<br/> A new lithium iron silicate cathode material with only trivalent iron was obtained by aging LiFeSiO/carbon composite for one year at room temperature. Crystal structure of the new material was supposed to belong to monoclinic system in space group P2/n with cation disordering of Li and Fe based on t ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A725 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
Hiroki Kitamura, Liwei Zhao, Bui Thi Hang, Shigeto Okada, and Jun-ichi Yamaki<br/> A composite FeO/C powder was applied as a negative material in iron/air batteries. The effect of charge current density on the electrochemical behavior of an electrode in KOH electrolyte without or with KS additives was investigated. In KOH electrolyte, the discharge capacity increased in proportion ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A720 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
M. A. Al-Maghrabi, J. S. Thorne, R. J. Sanderson, J. N. Byers, J. R. Dahn et al.<br/> In the present work three pseudobinary libraries of the Sn-Si-C system were produced using combinatorial methods. X-ray diffraction was used to study the structure of these libraries and Mossbauer spectroscopy was employed to probe the atomic environment. Cyclic voltammetry measurements were perform ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A711 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
A. J. Smith, Hannah M. Dahn, J. C. Burns, and J. R. Dahn<br/> The capacity loss and coulombic efficiency of commercial LiCoO/graphite Li-ion cells have been examined using high precision coulometry and long-term cycling tests. The experiments show that time, not cycle count, was the dominant contributor to the degradation of LiCoO/graphite Li-ion cells cycled ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A705 (2012)] published Tue Mar 27, 2012.
G. B. Less, J. H. Seo, S. Han, A. M. Sastry, J. Zausch et al.<br/> A fully parameterized microscale model for lithium ion cells is presented in which the solid and pores (filled by electrolyte) are spatially resolved, and the mass and charge transport equations describing diffusion and migration in each phase are solved separately. Such a model allows: (1) the corr ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A697 (2012)] published Thu Mar 22, 2012.
R. D. Long, B. Shin, S. Monaghan, K. Cherkaoui, J. Cagnon et al.<br/> Abstract not available. [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, S17 (2012)] published Tue May 8, 2012.
D. Ippolito, K. B. Andersen, and K. K. Hansen<br/> The propene catalytic oxidation was studied over an 11-layers porous electrochemical reactor made by LaSrMnO and CeGdO with the objective to simulate the abatement of exhaust gases emitted from Diesel engines. This work shows the possibility to enhance the catalytic activity through infiltration of ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, P57 (2012)] published Thu Apr 5, 2012.
Ding-Shiang Wang, Shou-Yi Chang, Yi-Chung Huang, Jin-Bao Wu, Hong-Jen Lai et al.<br/> In this study, very simple periodic cathodic vacuum arc deposition was conducted to prepare multilayered structures of diamond-like carbon films with reduced surface roughness and enhanced mechanical properties compared to conventional unfiltered single-layered films. The roughness of single-layered ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, P51 (2012)] published Thu Mar 22, 2012.
Jeong Hun Mun, Sung Kyu Lim, and Byung Jin Cho<br/> Carbon ions were implanted in a nickel thin film. After subsequent rapid thermal annealing, they segregated on the surface, forming a graphene layer. The dependence of graphene synthesis on process conditions, including the carbon implantation dose, RTA temperature, and time, were investigated. The ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, G89 (2012)] published Mon Apr 30, 2012.
S. Consiglio, R. D. Clark, E. Bersch, J. D. LaRose, I. Wells et al.<br/> In this work, we present structural characterization of HfO films deposited using a cyclical deposition and annealing scheme (termed DADA). Electrical performance improvements were obtained for atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfO films grown by use of this DADA process compared to a single deposition f ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, G80 (2012)] published Mon Apr 16, 2012.
D. Dewulf, A. Hardy, S. Van Elshocht, C. De Dobbelaere, W. C. Wang et al.<br/> In this work, compositional series of Gd-Nb-oxides and Gd-Ta-oxides are investigated as new potential high-k materials. Ultrathin oxide films in the range of 525 nm are deposited by spincoating. XRD and AFM show that the films are amorphous and smooth (RMS < 1 nm). Dielectric constants are derived f ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, G75 (2012)] published Mon Apr 2, 2012.
An attempt was made to increase the ionic conductivity of novel, heterogeneous, anion-selective membranes by increasing the
porosity of their surface skin. This was based on the addition of a water-soluble component, namely poly(ethylene-ran-propylene glycol), to an inert polymer matrix, based on low-density polyethylene, while mixing it with the ion-exchange particles.
A series of membranes was prepared, consisting of 66 wt% of anion-exchange phase represented by a styrene-divinyl benzene
copolymer matrix with quaternary ammonium functional groups and an inert polymer matrix in a mixture with variable amounts
of water-soluble component added. The membranes were subsequently tested with respect to their morphology, mechanical properties,
apparent ion-exchange capacity, ionic conductivity, and performance under conditions of alkaline water electrolysis. When
added in the appropriate amount, the addition of a water-soluble component was found to improve the electrochemical properties
of the resulting membrane efficiently, while at the same time not reducing its mechanical properties to below a critical level.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-10
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0432-2
Authors
Jaromír Hnát, Department of Inorganic Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
Martin Paidar, Department of Inorganic Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
Jan Schauer, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
Jan Žitka, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
Karel Bouzek, Department of Inorganic Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
This work employs a novel technique in which laponite clay-modified gold electrodes are used as the anode for direct methanol
fuel cells. The platinum/laponite clay (Pt/Clay) films on indium tin oxide electrode were characterized by using scanning
electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Various contents of laponite clay (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%)
with constant platinum (Pt) catalyst content on modified gold electrodes were studied as an anode catalyst for methanol oxidation.
The catalyst poisoning was observed as a function of time. The 1.0 wt% Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode shows the highest activity
for methanol oxidation, 27.73 % higher than Pt only modified gold electrode at 2.5 min. The peak current of 1 % Pt/Clay-modified
gold electrode is 3.50 % higher than the peak current of Pt only modified gold electrode at 57.5 min. The higher content of
Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode shows strong resistance to catalyst poisoning. The Pt/Clay-modified gold electrode is a new
and promising electrode for a direct methanol fuel cell and can replace existing commercial catalysts.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-6
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0430-4
Authors
Seong S. Seo, Department of Natural Sciences, Albany State University, 540 College Drive, Albany, GA 31705, USA
The behavior of gold electrodes for the detection of dissolved oxygen was studied by the method of cyclic voltammetry in a
phosphate-buffered solution with physiological pH. Surface modification with electropolymerized poly (o-phenylenediamine) film was performed to improve electrode antifouling properties. The voltammetric signature of oxygen was
considered in terms of film electropolymerization conditions and post-deposition conditioning of the electrodes. The changes
in the chemical structure of the poly (o-phenylenediamine) films as a result of these factors were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Following
long post-deposition conditioning in a phosphate-buffered solution, the modified electrodes exhibited stable voltammetric
signatures in repeated tests and during storage as well as in the presence of a dense population of Escherichia coli (characterized by negligible metabolic activity) in the buffer. The results are indicative of the improved electrode antifouling
properties.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-9
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0427-z
Authors
O. Berkh, Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel
H. Ragones, Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel
D. Schreiber, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel
L. Burstein, Wolfson Applied Materials Research Center, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel
Y. Shacham-Diamand, Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel
Single layer La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 hollow fibre (HF) precursors (<1 mm ID) produced by phase inversion (PI) were sintered at 1,200, 1,350 and 1,400 °C. The
increase in sintering temperature resulted in microstructural changes in the LSCF fibres, reflected in their electrical conductivities.
LSCF-based cathodes with different designs were brushed onto co-extruded nickel–gadolinium-doped ceria (CGO) anode/CGO electrolyte
dual-layer HFs (<1 mm ID) fabricated by PI. The effect of cathode layers on the overall performance of the fuel cells (FCs)
was assessed using nearly identical anode and electrolyte compositions, thicknesses, and microstructures. Cathode microstructure
design caused cells to perform differently producing peak power densities of 0.35–0.7 W cm−2 at 600 °C. Impedance spectroscopy analysis at 600 °C on the FCs produced 0.12–0.24 Ω cm2 confirming the cathode’s structural effect on the overall area-specific resistance of the FCs. The best performing FC with
a brush-deposited cathode was compared to a similar FC where cathode was deposited by dip coating; at 600 °C the first produced
0.6 W cm−2 while the second cell 0.7 W cm−2. Co-extruding anodes and electrolytes by using PI and combining dip coating for cathode deposition could lead to the fabrication
of FCs with enhanced microstructures and improved performances.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-10
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0429-x
Authors
N. Droushiotis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
A. Torabi, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
M. H. D. Othman, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
T. H. Etsell, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
G. H. Kelsall, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
The importance of the fluid dynamics in the modelling of electrochemical systems is often underestimated. The knowledge of
the flow velocity pattern in an electrochemical cell, in fact, can allow us to associate certain electrochemical reactions
with specific fluid patterns to maximize the yield of some reaction and, conversely, to minimize unwanted or side reactions.
The correct evaluation of the convective term in the Nernst–Planck equation, however, requires the solution of the so-called
Navier–Stokes equations, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is today the established method to numerically solve these
equations. In this work, a CFD model is employed to show that the gas–liquid flow pattern can be remarkably different in a
single channel or in a multi-channel gas-evolving electrochemical system. In the single channel, in fact, under certain conditions,
vortices and recirculation regions can appear in the flow, which does not appear in the multi-channel case. The reason of
this difference is found in the uneven distribution of the small bubbles in the two cases. Additionally, a second, simplified,
model of the flow is discussed to show how a higher concentration of small bubbles in the single channel system can destabilize
the flow.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-9
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0426-0
Authors
A. Alexiadis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Applied Electrochemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
M. P. Dudukovic, Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory (CREL), Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1180, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
P. Ramachandran, Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory (CREL), Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1180, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
A. Cornell, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Applied Electrochemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
A novel poly(malachite green)/graphene nanosheets–nafion (PMG/GNs–NF) composite film-modified glassy carbon electrode was
developed to indirectly detect methyl parathion (MP). p-nitrophenol, the alkaline hydrolysis product of MP, was successfully determined at a relatively lower potential using this
modified electrode due to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of PMG/GNs–NF composite film. The presence of GNs in the
composite film enhanced the stability of PMG and increased the electron transfer rate. The kinetic parameters of modified
electrodes were studied. What is more, the optimum experimental parameters affecting response were selected in terms of pH,
accumulation potential, accumulation time, scanning cycles during polymerization of malachite green, and alkaline hydrolysis
conditions. Under optimum conditions, the chronoamperometric response current was proportional to MP concentration over the
range from 0.02 to 1.5 μM with a low-detection limit of 2.0 nM. Finally, the sensor was applied for the determination of MP
in real samples, and the results were satisfactory with recoveries from 97.20 to 104.53 %. Due to its simple preparation,
good reproducibility, and stability, this developed modified electrode provides a new platform for the detection of organophosphate
pesticides.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-8
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0425-1
Authors
Minrong Xu, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
Jianying Zhu, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
Haichao Su, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
Jing Dong, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
Shiyun Ai, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
Rong Li, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong, People’s Republic of China
The nanosized Mn3O4 particles were prepared by microwave-assisted reflux synthesis method. The prepared sample was characterized using various
techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman analysis, and transmission
electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical properties of Mn3O4 nanoparticles were investigated using cyclic voltammogram (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic
charge–discharge analysis in different electrolytes such as 1 M KCl, 1 M Na2SO4, 1 M NaNO3, and 6 M KOH electrolytes. XRD pattern reveals the formation of single-phase Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The FT-IR and Raman analysis also assert the formation of Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The TEM image shows the spherical shape particles with less than 50 nm sizes. Among all the electrolytes,
the Mn3O4 nanoparticles possess maximum specific capacitance of 94 F g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte calculated from CV. The order of capacitance obtained by various electrolytes is 6 M KOH > 1 M KCl > 1 M
NaNO3 > 1 M Na2SO4. The EIS and galvanostatic charge–discharge results further substantiate with the CV results. The cycling stability of Mn3O4 electrode reveals that the prepared Mn3O4 nanoparticles are a suitable electrode material for supercapacitor application.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-8
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0424-2
Authors
Kalimuthu Vijaya Sankar, Solid State Ionics and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 India
D. Kalpana, Electrochemical Power Systems Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630 006 Tamil Nadu, India
Ramakrishnan Kalai Selvan, Solid State Ionics and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 India
An integrative cell with a porous Al2O3 membrane as both a support and a separator has been fabricated. LiFePO4 and graphite were coated onto the both sides of the rigid porous Al2O3 separator, while an electrolyte was infiltrated inside. The LiFePO4/graphite integrative cells were evaluated in coin-type cells and exhibited good cycle capacity. The self-standing integrative
cell was a simple and promising technology to assemble the battery stacks and meanwhile had an obvious advantage of forming
a firm structure, which could avoid inner short circuit during being moved or crashed.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-5
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0421-5
Authors
Jingjuan Chen, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
Hongfa Xiang, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
Le Zhang, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
Haihui Wang, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
α,ω-Dihaloalkanes, when cathodically reduced at glassy carbon (GC), can be immobilized at the electrode surface. The present
contribution focuses on the reduction of 1,8-diiodooctane, as model dihalo-substrate, in an aprotic organic solvent containing
tetraalkylammonium salts as electrolyte. It is expected that these compounds in contact with GC, polarized at potentials more
negative than −1.7 V versus Ag/AgCl, partly lead to monoiodoalkyl chain immobilization onto carbon. The process corresponds
to the cathodic charge of graphitized and fullerenized zones present in carbon followed by a displacement reaction (analogous
to a nucleophilic attack) towards pending C–I functions. This mode of grafting is then applied to the reaction of negatively
charged carbon with bis-(ω-iodoalkyl)ferrocenes. Ferrocene is then used as an efficient redox probe. This study aims to point
out the formation of a chemically grafted redox polymer at carbon electrodes that permits one to quantify the level of immobilized
alkyl chains according to their chain length. Coverage levels were found to be high, and surface concentrations of ferrocene
currently >10−8 mol cm−2 were reached. Ferrocene layers deposited onto carbon were found to be chemically and electrochemically stable and expected
to be suitable for efficient electricity storage.
Graphical abstract
.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-11
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0411-7
Authors
Viatcheslav Jouikov, Molecular Chemistry and Photonics, UMR 6226 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
Jacques Simonet, Equipe MaCSE, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Bat 10C, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
The exfoliation of Sn as a result of volume expansion led to the drastic capacity decay in lithium-ion batteries. In this
article, the immiscible Sn–Zn coating was successfully prepared by electrodeposition and applied as the anode material in
Li-ion batteries. The physical structure and electrochemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning
electron microscope, electron probe microanalysis and charge–discharge test, respectively. The Sn–Zn deposit displayed unique
two-layer morphology composed of a Zn flat bottom layer and a Sn dendritic upper layer. The novel Sn–Zn electrodes showed
noticeable improvement in cyclability compared to pure Sn film. This improvement was assigned to the characteristic of the
two-layer microstructure: the Zn interlayer enhanced the binding strength between Sn dendrites and copper foil; the abundant
space among these individual Sn dendrites accommodated the volume expansion during lithiation process. The two-layer Sn–Zn
coatings were anticipated as potential anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-6
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0422-4
Authors
Zhijia Du, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No. 37, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
Shichao Zhang, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No. 37, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
Jianfeng Zhao, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No. 37, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
Yuan Fang, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No. 37, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
An Au/C catalyst was prepared by means of the polyvinyl alcohol-protected Au sol method. Highly dispersed Au nanoparticles
with an average particle size of around 3.7 nm were obtained as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The cyclic
voltammogram of Au/C was similar to that of a bulk Au electrode, but a small shift of Au oxide reduction and oxidation potential
peaks were observed. The electrooxidation of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol on the Au/C catalyst in an alkaline
solution was analyzed. Using a cyclic voltammogram, the maximum current density toward alcohol electrooxidation was found
to decrease in the order of glycerol > ethylene glycol > ethanol, while methanol was not oxidized. Compared with PtRu/C, the
maximum current densities obtained from the Au/C catalyst for ethylene glycol and glycerol electrooxidation were increased
by 1.6 and 3.3 times, respectively. The reaction heavily progressed through a C–C bond dissociation path. It was found that
main product of glycerol electrooxidation was formic acid, which accounted for more than 60 % of the total product. Using
chronoamperometry, the Au/C catalyst showed much better stability than that of PtRu/C for the reaction without C–C bond dissociation
and better stability for the reaction with C–C bond dissociation.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-8
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0423-3
Authors
S. Yongprapat, Energy Division, Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha-Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
A. Therdthianwong, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Research and Engineering Center, Clean Energy System Group, PDTI, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha-Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
S. Therdthianwong, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha-Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
The coordination circumstances and redox reactions of UO22+ in the aqueous solution concentrated by calcium chloride, such as CaCl2·6H2O (6.9 M CaCl2), were studied by Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. The frequency of the O=U=O symmetrical stretching vibration
suggested that the complex formation of UO22+ with Cl− leads to the weakening of U=O bond. In the electrochemical measurements, two-step cathodic currents were observed at −0.090
and −0.4 V (vs. Ag|AgCl) corresponding to the reduction of UO22+ to UO2+ and that of UO2+ to UO2, respectively. It was found that UO2+ formed at first cathodic current was disproportionated to form UO22+ and UO2. The UO2 was identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Electrolytic deposition of UO2 was observed in 6.9–4.7 M CaCl2 and in 14 M LiCl. When small amount of proton, i.e., 0.005 M was coexisted in 6.9 M CaCl2, UO22+ was reduced to form U4+ instead of UO2.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 455-461
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0420-6
Authors
Akihiro Uehara, Division of Nuclear Engineering Science, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Asashironishi, Kumatori, Osaka, 590-0494 Japan
Osamu Shirai, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
Toshiyuki Fujii, Division of Nuclear Engineering Science, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Asashironishi, Kumatori, Osaka, 590-0494 Japan
Takayuki Nagai, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratory, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4-33, Muramatsu, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1194 Japan
Hajimu Yamana, Division of Nuclear Engineering Science, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Asashironishi, Kumatori, Osaka, 590-0494 Japan
Electrode design is an essential task for successful development of lithium-ion batteries. Provided that the same materials
are given, proper dimensioning of the electrodes and balanced composition of the materials in them can maximize the cell performance,
such as the discharge capacity. However, many electrode design parameters have conflicting effects on the performance, and
thus careful optimization of these parameters is required. This study experimentally investigated the effects of several electrode
design parameters on the performance of lithium ion cells with a LiFePO4 cathode and a natural graphite anode, focusing on their high current operations. The conflicting effects of the conductor
ratio (the weight fraction of electronic particle additives), electrode thickness, and electrode density (porosity) on the
cell capacity were studied. In addition, a detailed one-dimensional electrochemical model was also used to simulate the observed
performance characteristics and to identify their underlying mechanisms limiting the performance. Based on the experimental
and numerical results, the optimal ranges for the electrode design parameters were discussed to achieve better performance
of the LiFePO4/graphite batteries.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 443-453
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0418-0
Authors
Seungho Yu, Center for Energy Convergence, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 Republic of Korea
Youngmin Chung, Center for Energy Convergence, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 Republic of Korea
Min Seob Song, Center for Energy Convergence, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 Republic of Korea
Jin Hyun Nam, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Daegu University, Gyungsan, 712-714 Republic of Korea
Won Il Cho, Center for Energy Convergence, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 Republic of Korea
The supercapacitive behavior of the metallic cobalt recycled from Li-ion batteries has been studied in this work. The reversibility
of both redox process (CoII/CoIII) and (CoIII/CoIV) in KOH 6 mol L−1 is very high and promising for capacitive applications in electrochemical devices. The specific capacitances calculated from
cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show a good agreement, giving the value of 625 Fg−1. The electrode morphology presents a high porosity, thus an electrical equivalent circuit composed of two parallel resistance
and capacitance elements in series was proposed. The specific capacitance values calculated from charge/discharge curves at
0.23 and 2.3 mA/cm2 are 601 and 384 Fg−1, respectively. Thereby, it was observed that metallic cobalt recycled from ion-Li batteries is compatible with other supercapacitive
materials. This shows that cobalt recycling from Li-ion batteries is economically and environmentally viable for application
in supercapacitor devices.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Short Communication
Pages 361-366
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0419-z
Authors
Eric M. Garcia, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 13565-905, Brazil
Hosane A. Tarôco, Federal University of São João Del-Rei /Sete Lagoas, Rodovia MG 424 Km 47, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-970, Brazil
Tulio Matencio, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 13565-905, Brazil
Rosana Z. Domingues, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 13565-905, Brazil
Jacqueline A. F. dos Santos, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 13565-905, Brazil
Roberta V. Ferreira, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 13565-905, Brazil
Eudes Lorençon, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 13565-905, Brazil
Diana Q. Lima, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 13565-905, Brazil
Marcos B. J. G. de Freitas, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, Goiabeiras, 514, Vitoria, ES 29075-910, Brazil
In the present work the modes of four-legged locomotion generated and controlled by a network of coupled electrochemical oscillatory
electrode pairs are explored. Each pair, operating under constant potential conditions, consists of an iron disk (anode)
and a copper coil (cathode) and all pairs are immersed in a common electrolytic bath (1 M H2SO4 and 0.4 M CuSO4). The electrochemistry of the system is studied and the conditions of oscillatory and synchronous firing are determined.
The current response of each pair is determined by the geometry of the network: if the interactions are between the iron anodes
then the oscillations are synchronized in-phase whereas if the interactions are between iron anodes and copper cathodes the
oscillations are out-of-phase. The electric pulses produced by the network are supplied to a prototype, specially designed
mechanical system where possible modes of four-legged locomotion are observed.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-10
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0412-6
Authors
Antonis Karantonis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece
Stavroula Koutalidi, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes were fabricated by anodisation of titanium foil in 0.15 M ammonium fluoride in an aqueous solution of glycerol
(90 % v/v). Electropolymerisation of pyrrole and deposition of gold nanoparticles on to the TiO2 nanotube array electrode were carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electrochemical characterization of the sensor was
performed by CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The morphology of the electrode was studied after every step of
modification using field emission scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The sensor was tested for AA and
other biomolecules in phosphate buffered saline solution of pH 7 using CV, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry.
The sensor exhibited very high sensitivity of 63.912 μA mM−1 cm−2 and excellent selectivity to ascorbic acid (AA) in the presence of other biomolecules such as uric acid, dopamine, glucose
and para-acetaminophen. It also showed very good linearity (R = 0.9995) over a wide range (1 μM–5 mM) of detection. The sensor was tested for AA in lemon and found its concentration to
be 339 mg ml−1.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 427-434
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0416-2
Authors
T. G. Satheesh Babu, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai P. O., Coimbatore, 641105 India
Dhanya Varadarajan, Department of Polymer Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai P. O., Coimbatore, 641105 India
Gayathri Murugan, Department of Polymer Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai P. O., Coimbatore, 641105 India
T. Ramachandran, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai P. O., Coimbatore, 641105 India
Bipin G. Nair, Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P. O., Kollam, 690525 India
With the aim of achieving a high-performance 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 material, a series of 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMnxNiyFe(1−x−y)O2 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.5, 0.4 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) samples with low Fe content was synthesized via coprecipitation of carbonates. Its crystal structure and electrochemical
performance were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge/discharge testing, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectra. Rietveld
refinements with a model integrating R
3
m and Fm
3
m indicate that a low concentration of Fe incorporated in 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 decrease a disordered cubic domain of the composite structure. The preferential distribution of Fe in cubic rock-salt contributes
to an unimaginable decrease of c-axis parameter of the predominant layered structure as the Fe content increases. Moreover, including Fe as a dopant can kinetically
improve crystallization and also change the ratio of Mn3+/Mn4+ and Ni3+/Ni2+. As a result, 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.4Ni0.5Fe0.1O2 exhibits lower Warburg impedance and higher reversible capacity than the undoped material.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 409-417
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0414-4
Authors
F. Lian, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
M. Gao, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
W. H. Qiu, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
P. Axmann, Centre of Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstr. 8, 89081 Ulm, Germany
M. Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, Centre of Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstr. 8, 89081 Ulm, Germany
This paper presents three different methods of hydrothermal (HT), microwave (MW), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) used to load
a catalyst on a cathode surface. In the HT and MW methods, a multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) is used as a support material
to fix the catalyst, while Nafion solution is used as a binder to load the catalyst on the cathode surface. For the third
option, the CV method is used to directly load the catalysts on the cathode surface without any support material. The performances
of the three cathodes are tested in an air breathable batch microbial fuel cell (MFC) and compared to that of a commercial
carbon cloth cathode with platinum (Pt). The maximum power density of the MFC with the HT cathode is measured as 833 mW m−2, which is higher than those of the CV and MW cathodes and slightly smaller than the MFC with the Pt cathode. The open circuit
voltage of the MFC with the HT cathode is 610 mV, which is higher than those of MFCs with other cathodes, while the power
density is higher than the MFCs of the MW and CV cathodes. In the case of the HT cathode, a conductive MWCNT network is well
formed and entangled with the catalyst nanostructure of the cathode surface while the small ohmic and activation resistances
of the HT cathode contribute to the good MFC performance.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 391-398
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0410-8
Authors
Young-Chae Song, Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Busan, 606-791 Korea
Tae-Seon Choi, Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Busan, 606-791 Korea
Jung-Hui Woo, Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Busan, 606-791 Korea
Kyuseon Yoo, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonbuk, 560-759 Korea
Jae-Woo Chung, Department of Environmental Engineering, Gyeongnam University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam, Jinju, 660-758 Korea
Chae-Young Lee, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Suwon, Gyeonggi, Hwaseong, 445-758 Korea
Boo Gil Kim, Division of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan, 617-716 Korea
Degradation of anthraquninone dye C.I. Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) via generated ozone by electrochemical oxidation process was
investigated in this research. Ti/Sn–Sb–Ni electrode was used as an anode for ozone generation. The anode electrode was characterized
electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry and characterized morphologically by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
The amount of ozone concentration and RB19 degradation increased with increasing of applied voltage, electrolysis time, and
in 1 M HClO4 at room temperature. The results of UV/Vis spectroscopy showed that the anthraquinone structure was degraded by dissolved
generated ozone and also intermediate compounds were detected by integrated gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Removal of color and COD were 100 % after 3 min and 48.2 % after 15 min reaction time, respectively.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 435-442
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0417-1
Authors
J. Basiri Parsa, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65178 Hamedan, Iran
M. Abbasi, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65178 Hamedan, Iran
Reversible bio-inspired chemical hydrogen storage systems accumulate electrical energy in the form of electrons and proton
ions located on biomolecules or bio-like storage molecules. Electro-active biomolecules (EAB) in Yeast media show such behavior: 2e− + 2H+ + EAB(aq)+ ⇆ EABH/H(aq)+, also electro-active Methylene Blue (MB): 2e− + 2H+ + MB(aq)+ ⇆ MBH/H(aq)+. The power characteristics of microbial fuel cell stacks equipped with such bio-inspired hydrogen storage systems were examined.
E. coli cultures charged these bio-inspired separate chemical hydrogen storage units up to E = 0.50 ± 0.06 V; cell potentials increased proportionally in serial double, triple, and quadruple hydrogen storage stacks
up to EOCV = 1.98 V; the maximum power densities that were obtained improved proportionally with stack length by an increment of 1.4.
The bio-inspired chemical hydrogen storage principle is of great interest for application in low-cost batteries that store
renewable energy.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 419-425
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0415-3
Authors
Fabian Fischer, Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Route du Rawyl 64, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
Sophie Mermoud, Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Route du Rawyl 64, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
Gnagna Diouf, Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Route du Rawyl 64, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
Christèle Bastian, Institute of Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Route du Rawyl 64, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
The performance of a battery–electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) hybrid power source at low ambient temperature has been
experimentally analyzed. EDLC can enhance the performance of lead-acid battery as it acts as a buffer during charging and
discharging, and plays more significant role at low temperature than room temperature. The behaviors of current and voltage
of both battery and EDLC have been detailed studied, and described by a mathematical model. With EDLC assistance, the battery
can maintain longer discharge duration at −25 and −10 °C, compared with the battery alone. Adding an EDLC in parallel with
the battery exhibits a considerable capacity increase compared to battery standalone in continuous discharge processes: from
13.6 to 36.5 %, corresponding to 25 to 200 A. These improvements of capacity become even more significant at low temperature.
The increases in available capacity of different pulse duty, amounted to 72, 58, and 4 % at 0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 duty cycle values,
compared to the capacity measured at constant current rate, respectively (calculated by 50 A discharge).
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 399-407
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0413-5
Authors
Guoyu Zhang, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China
Xiaowei Zhao, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China
Bin Wang, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China
Feng Tian, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China
Jiaxi Qiang, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China
Lin Yang, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China
Efficient binding of enzymes onto the electrode surface has been prerequisite for the construction of sensitive biosensors
and biochips. Here, a simple and robust construction of electrochemical glucose biosensor based on pyrroloquinoline quinone-glucose
dehydrogenase was demonstrated. The glucose biosensor was fabricated by binding the enzyme onto the anionic self-assembled
monolayers on gold electrode via electrostatic interactions. The resulting glucose biosensor gave rise to twofold higher detection
sensitivity than that by covalent conjugation under the same condition. Surface plasmon resonance and atomic force microscopy
analyses revealed that electrostatic binding of the enzyme leads to much higher surface density of the enzyme. This approach
will find wide applications to the development of robust enzyme-based biosensors and biochips.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 383-390
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0409-1
Authors
Young-Pil Kim, Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791 Korea
Sang Jin Park, Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701 Korea
Dohoon Lee, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan, 331-825 Korea
Hak-Sung Kim, Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701 Korea
Photocatalytic mineralization of ethanol in the presence of oxygen has been studied in aqueous photocatalyst suspensions by
employing either pure nanocrystalline titania or TiO2 combined with Pt, RuO2 or NiO co-catalysts. Combined photocatalysts demonstrated a diverse behavior. Highest mineralization rates were obtained
with Pt/TiO2 and lowest with RuO2/TiO2 and NiO/TiO2. These results were related with the photocatalysts’ behavior when used as photoanodes for the production of electricity
in a photoactivated fuel cell running with ethanol as fuel. The highest current was obtained with pure titania. The current
dropped in the case of Pt/TiO2 and became much lower in the case of RuO2/TiO2 and NiO/TiO2 photoanodes. Both current and voltage were lower in the presence of oxygen than in its absence. It is concluded that the
presence of electron scavengers, like O2, and/or the use of efficient photocatalysts, like titania-supported Pt, yield less electric power but assist ethanol mineralization
process.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 1-7
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0408-2
Authors
Maria Antoniadou, Engineering Science Department, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
Paraskevi Panagiotopoulou, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
Dimitris I. Kondarides, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
Panagiotis Lianos, Engineering Science Department, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
An electrochemical sensor was fabricated and used to simultaneously detect guanine and adenine. In this study, nano-copper
oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode (nano-copper oxide/GCE) was prepared by electrodeposition. The nano-copper oxide/GCE
was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The fabricated nano-copper oxide/GCE
sensor exhibited sensitive response to guanine and adenine in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.0). The anodic peak currents were linear with
the guanine and adenine concentrations over the range of 0.05–1.2 μM with the correlation coefficients of 0.9997 and 0.9993,
respectively, and the corresponding detection limits were 6 × 10−3 μM and 9 × 10−3 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The nano-copper oxide/GCE could be applied to simultaneously detect guanine and adenine in samples
with good anti-interference ability.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 375-381
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0407-3
Authors
Xiaoyan Zhang, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232001 Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Xian Liang, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232001 Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Mai Xu, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232001 Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Xia Bao, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232001 Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Fengwu Wang, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232001 Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Zhousheng Yang, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 People’s Republic of China
Nanostructure control of β-Ni(OH)2 was attempted by adopting hydrothermal treatment for the high specific surface area (high-SSA) β-Ni(OH)2 in the presence of guanidine carbonate. β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets-linked structures could be synthesized from high-SSA β-Ni(OH)2 owing to the strong effects of guanidine carbonate for keeping or enlarging SSA during hydrothermal treatment. The discharging
capacities of the high-SSA sample showed the highest capacity above 80 % at 0.2C. However, the capacities were decreased with decreasing SSA of the β-Ni(OH)2 prepared. It was also found that, at lower SSA, charging/discharging rates below 1C did not affect the discharging capacity, i.e., the almost same capacities for 0.2C and 1C. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the electrochemical reactions for the charging/discharging were considered to be reversible
and smooth at various scanning rates. The rate-determining step of the electrochemical reaction is considered to be regulated
by the diffusion of the active species involved for the lower SSA samples. However, for the higher SSA sample (280 m2 g−1) obtained at 200 °C in the presence of 1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1 guanidine carbonate strongly indicates the effects of the rate of surface reaction or electronic conductivity on rate-determining
step of charging/discharging of the material.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 367-374
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0406-4
Authors
Go Sakai, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
Mariko Sugahara, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
A very sensitive electrochemical sensor has been developed by modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with nanoparticles
of bismuth (III) oxide (Bi2O3) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The sensor was applied for the determination of cilostazol, cyclic nucleotide
phosphodiesterase inhibitors in pharmaceutical formulation and human plasma. The voltammetric responses were compared with
those obtained at bare GCE under optimum conditions. The cyclic and square-wave voltammograms of cilostazol showed 3.3 and
4.9 times enhancement in the oxidation peak current at MWCNTs–Bi2O3/GCE as compared to a bare GCE. Bi2O3–MWCNTs/GCE showed a linear response for cilostazol in standard solution over the concentration range of 0.8–13 μg mL−1 with the detection limit 0.76 μg mL−1, whereas human plasma over the concentration range 0.8–12.5 μg mL−1 with the detection limit 0.66 μg mL−1.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 341-348
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0402-8
Authors
Rajeev Jain, School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011 MP, India
Ramkishor Sharma, School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011 MP, India
The electrochemical behavior of the Co–Sb system on Au substrate during cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic deposition was
investigated. Electrochemical behavior of Co and Sb was studied and compared to the Co–Sb system. At a negative potential
(−0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl) the electrochemical behavior of this binary system was similar to that of individual Co and Sb combined.
For more negative vertex potentials (e.g., −1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl), results from cyclic voltammetry have shown the presence of
a new compound different from Co and Sb which could only be detected at slow sweep rate. The deposition performed at constant
potentials between −1.0 and −1.2 V have resulted in films that were made of CoSb3 and Sb as indicated by XRD. Surface film studied by SEM and EDS has shown morphological and compositional non-uniformities
caused by hydrogen evolution.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 333-339
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0401-9
Authors
Ruxandra Vidu, NanoRIS, Sacramento, CA, USA
Simon Li, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
Dat V. Quach, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
Pieter Stroeve, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
A methodology using stripping voltammetry has been elaborated to enable sensitive and reliable protein–chromium complexation
measurements. Disturbing effects caused by adsorption of proteins on the mercury electrode were addressed. At low concentrations
of proteins (<60–85 nM), chromium–protein complexation measurements were possible. Chromium(VI) complexation was quantitatively
determined using differently sized, charged, and structured proteins: serum albumin (human and bovine), lysozyme, and mucin.
Generated results showed a strong relation between complexation and protein size, concentration, and the number of amino acids
per protein mass. Complexation increased nonlinearly with increasing protein concentrations. The nature of this complexation
was based on weak interactions judged from combined results with MALDI-TOF–MS and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 349-358
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0404-6
Authors
Yolanda Hedberg, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Maria Lundin, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Johan Jacksén, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Åsa Emmer, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Eva Blomberg, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Inger Odnevall Wallinder, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Nanoparticles of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) were synthesized by means of a citrate sol–gel combustion route. The particles were characterized by scanning and transmission
electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Near
spherical nanoparticles of around 100 nm were observed in SEM and TEM micrographs. XRD data indicated that the as-prepared
nanoparticles presented pure phase of LiCoO2 with R-3m symmetry. The kinetics of electrochemical intercalation of lithium into the nanoparticles were investigated by means of cyclic
voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with special emphasis on the application
potential as cathode material for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries. CV studies of the nanoparticles at slow scan rate
of 0.1 mV s−1 between 600 and 820 mV versus Ag/AgCl, demonstrated that the nanoparticles represented well-defined reversible peaks. The
non-linear chemical diffusion of lithium into the nanoparticles was explored by EIS. In this regards, the results were discussed
based on an equivalent circuit, distinguishing the kinetic properties of lithium intercalation. The kinetic parameters of
lithium intercalation were obtained using the equivalent circuit, which were in good agreement with the experimental results.
The changes of kinetic parameters of lithium intercalation with potential were also discussed in detail.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 279-289
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0405-5
Authors
H. Heli, Laboratory of Analytical and Physical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, 7348113111 Iran
H. Yadegari, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
A. Jabbari, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Electrochemical reduction of the azo dye disperse orange 1 (DO1) was performed by square wave and cyclic voltammetry using
a boron-doped diamond electrode. The dissolution of DO1 was evaluated by monitoring the UV–Vis spectra of the solutions, and
best results were obtained using aqueous solutions containing 5 % Fongranal FB dispersant. Three irreversible peaks were obtained
for the electrochemical reduction of DO1, while the dispersant showed one irreversible peak. The overall electrodic process
was mainly diffusion controlled. A mechanism is proposed for the reduction of the dye.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 297-304
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0403-7
Authors
Carolina V. Uliana, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Araraquara, SP 14800-900, Brazil
Gustavo S. Garbellini, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Araraquara, SP 14800-900, Brazil
Hideko Yamanaka, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Araraquara, SP 14800-900, Brazil
Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) was investigated as an electrolyte additive for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries
in order to decrease the decomposition of the electrolyte. As a typical high-voltage cathode material, LiCoPO4 was tested in the LiDFOB-containing electrolyte, exhibiting higher reversible charge/discharge capacity and better cyclic
stability. The effect of LiDFOB on the formation of a stable interphase film was investigated through cyclic voltammetry and
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. LiDFOB was helpful to form a stable interphase film and passivate the cathode surface; therefore,
the decomposition of the electrolyte was inhibited accordingly.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 291-296
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0398-0
Authors
Meng Hu, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
Jinping Wei, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
Liying Xing, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
Zhen Zhou, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
LaNiO3 coatings on nickel-foam supports were prepared by brush painting. The electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic
voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Comparative studies were performed with LaNiO3-pelleted electrodes. The roughness factors were determined by CV and found to be 5,208 ± 350 and 4,037 ± 250 for the pelleted
and coated electrodes, respectively. EIS measurements confirm the results obtained by CV. Values lower than 0.3 were calculated
for the morphology factors for both electrodes, indicating low electrochemical porosity. The experimental method used in this
work to synthesise the oxide coupled with the use of Ni foam as support has proved to be very effective in producing oxide
electrodes with surface areas higher than those referred to in relevant literature.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 325-332
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0399-z
Authors
C. O. Soares, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, C.C.M.M., Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
M. D. Carvalho, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, C.C.M.M., Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
M. E. Melo Jorge, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, C.C.M.M., Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
A. Gomes, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, C.C.M.M., Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
R. A. Silva, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Unit, Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
C. M. Rangel, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Unit, Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
M. I. da Silva Pereira, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, C.C.M.M., Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
The effect of the anode and cathode flow field depths on the performance of a single cell Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC)
of 45 cm2 active area were experimentally investigated. Double serpentine flow fields (DSFFs) with varying channel depth namely, 0.2,
0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 mm but with fixed channel and rib width each of 1 mm on both anode and cathode were designed, fabricated,
and tested. The experimental study involved measurement of pressure drops across anode and cathode flow field plates, polarization,
and carbon dioxide concentration measurements at various current densities. The mass transport at both anode and cathode were
found to increase with increase in pressure drop across the flow field on account of reduced channel depth from 1.0 to 0.4 mm
at all current densities. However, further decrease to a channel depth of 0.2 mm was found to be counter-productive with different
phenomena operating on either side viz., increased CO2 slug length on the anode flow channel and increased methanol crossover on the cathode side. Hence, the maximum performance
for DMFCs was observed for a channel depth of 0.4 mm on anode and cathode flow fields. A decrease in flow field channel depth
at cathode was found to increase the methanol crossover due to convective mass transfer effect.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 319-324
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0396-2
Authors
Rajavel Vijayakumar, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Murugesan Rajkumar, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Parthasarathi Sridhar, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Sethuraman Pitchumani, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
The anion-exchange composite polymer membrane based on quaterized poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(epichlorohydrin) (designated as
Q-PVA/PECH) was prepared by a solution casting method and a quaternization process. The characteristic properties of the Q-PVA/PECH
anion-exchange composite polymer membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis,
micro-Raman spectroscopy, and AC impedance method. Alkaline direct methanol fuel cells (ADMFC) comprised Q-PVA/PECH anion-exchange
composite polymer membranes were assembled and examined. Experimental results indicate that an alkaline DMFC employing an
inexpensive non-perfluorinated Q-PVA/PECH composite polymer membrane shows excellent electrochemical performances. The peak
power densities of the DMFC using 4 M KOH + 1 M CH3OH, 2 M CH3OH, and 4 M CH3OH fuels are 17.22, 22.30, and 20.81 mW cm−2, respectively, under ambient conditions. The Q-PVA/PECH composite polymer membrane appears as a viable candidate for use
in an ADMFC.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 305-317
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0395-3
Authors
Chun-Chen Yang, Department of Chemical Engineering, Mingchi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243 Taiwan, ROC
This article investigates a method in further improvement of a (La0.8,Sr0.2)MnO3 (LSM)-Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) dual composite cathode by adding material with high ionic conductivity such as gadolinia-doped
ceria (GDC). A nano-porous composite cathode containing LSM, YSZ, and GDC was prepared by a two-step polymerizable complex
(PC) method which minimizes the formation of YSZ–GDC solid solution. The structure of the resulting LSM/GDC–YSZ dual composite
cathode was such that the LSM and GDC phases were present on the YSZ core particles without formation of the La2Zr2O7, SrZrO3, and GDC–YSZ solid solution. At 800 °C, the electrode polarization resistance of the LSM/GDC–YSZ dual composite cathode decreased
to 0.266 Ω cm2, compared with 0.385 Ω cm2 for the LSM/YSZ–YSZ dual composite cathode. In addition, the Ni–YSZ anode-supported single cell using a LSM/GDC–YSZ dual
composite cathode with H2 as the fuel achieved a maximum power density of 0.65 W cm−2 at 800 °C.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 209-215
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0390-8
Authors
Hyun Jun Ko, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Korea
Jae-ha Myung, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Korea
Sang-Hoon Hyun, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Korea
Jong Shik Chung, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-ku, Pohang, 790-784 Korea
A sensitive hydroxylamine sensor was developed based on electrodeposition of Pt nanoclusters on choline film modified glassy
carbon electrode (nano-Pt/Ch/GCE). The properties of the composites were characterized by field emission scanning electron
microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical investigations. The designed nano-Pt/Ch/GCE
showed a high sensing performance for hydroxylamine in a wide concentration ranges of 5.0 × 10−7–1.1 × 10−3 M and 1.1 × 10−3–19 × 10−3 M. The detection limit was 0.07 μM (s/n = 3). The proposed electrode presented excellent operational and storage stability for the determination of hydroxylamine.
Moreover, the sensor showed good sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility properties. All the results indicated the designed
sensor had a good potential application in the determination of hydroxylamine.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 271-277
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0397-1
Authors
Jing Li, School of Urban Development and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209 People’s Republic of China
Huaqing Xie, School of Urban Development and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209 People’s Republic of China
The purpose of this experimental work was to investigate selected electrochemical aspects of the corrosion behavior of API-X100
in CO2-saturated, multivariable-controlled corrosion media. Utilizing potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS), the corrosion rates, anodic dissolution, cathodic regimes, and free interfacial interactions were discussed.
The tests were performed with respect to the environmental factors of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 g L−1 chloride and of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mL L−1 acetic acid at 20 and 90 °C in the absence and presence of 10 vol% crude oil. The corrosion rates exhibited a peak value
with respect to the chloride content while they increased continuously with the acetic acid content irrespectively from temperature.
The corrosion behavior was nearly independent from chloride in the presence of acetic acid and oil demonstrated an effective
inhibition in all conditions. EIS results showed an agreement with the polarization findings and indicated adsorption-controlled
mechanisms.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 233-248
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0389-1
Authors
Faysal Fayez Eliyan, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Akram Alfantazi, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
In this article, the method of separation of variables (SOV), as illustrated by Subramanian and White (J Power Sources 96:385,
2001), is applied to determine the concentration variations at any point within a three region simplified lithium-ion cell sandwich,
undergoing constant current discharge. The primary objective is to obtain an analytical solution that accounts for transient
diffusion inside the cell sandwich. The present work involves the application of the SOV method to each region (cathode, separator,
and anode) of the lithium-ion cell. This approach can be used as the basis for developing analytical solutions for battery
models of greater complexity. This is illustrated here for a case in which non-linear diffusion is considered, but will be
extended to full-order nonlinear pseudo-2D models in later work. The analytical expressions are derived in terms of the relevant
system parameters. The system considered for this study has LiCoO2–LiC6 battery chemistry.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 189-199
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0394-4
Authors
Anupama Guduru, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
Paul W. C. Northrop, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Shruti Jain, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, 380005 Gujarat, India
Andrew C. Crothers, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
T. R. Marchant, School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Venkat R. Subramanian, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O catalyst was successfully prepared through the deposition of hydrated RuO2·xH2O on Pt/C catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The Pt/C and Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O catalysts were compared using physical and electrochemical techniques. The ON–OFF cycling test results showed sudden cell
failures after 1,850 and 1,160 cycles for Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O and Pt/C, respectively. Nearly 11.2% of the cell voltage of Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O was lost after 1,160 cycles, compared with 26.3% for Pt/C. The charge transfer resistances of Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O and Pt/C increased from 0.5217 and 0.5366 Ω to 0.5732 and 0.7261 Ω, respectively. The remaining electrochemical active surface
area of Pt was about 30.6% in Pt/C and about 68.9% in Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O after the ON–OFF test. The mean particle size of Pt/C significantly increased from 4.6 to 8.9 nm, whereas that of Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O increased from 4.3 to 6.3 nm. Therefore, the long-term durability of Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O in a PEMFC was much better than that of Pt/C.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 201-207
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0388-2
Authors
Lu Lu, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Battery, Dalian Jiaotong University, Huanghe Road 794#, Dalian, 116028 People’s Republic of China
Hongfeng Xu, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Battery, Dalian Jiaotong University, Huanghe Road 794#, Dalian, 116028 People’s Republic of China
Hong Zhao, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Battery, Dalian Jiaotong University, Huanghe Road 794#, Dalian, 116028 People’s Republic of China
Shaomin Zhu, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Battery, Dalian Jiaotong University, Huanghe Road 794#, Dalian, 116028 People’s Republic of China
Ruiming Ren, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Battery, Dalian Jiaotong University, Huanghe Road 794#, Dalian, 116028 People’s Republic of China
Iron disulfide (FeS2) powders were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) had a great influence
on the morphology, particle size, and electrochemical performance of the FeS2 powders. The as-synthesized FeS2 particles with CTAB had diameters of 2–4 μm and showed a sphere-like structure with sawtooth, while the counterpart prepared
without CTAB exhibited irregular morphology with diameters in the range of 0.1–0.4 μm. As anode materials for Li-ion batteries,
their electrochemical performances were investigated by galvanostatic charge–discharge test and electrochemical impedance
spectrum. The FeS2 powder synthesized with CTAB can sustain 459 and 413 mAh g−1 at 89 and 445 mA g−1 after 35 cycles, respectively, much higher than those prepared without CTAB (411 and 316 mAh g−1). The enhanced rate capability and cycling stability were attributed to the less-hindered surface layer and better electrical
contact from the sawtooth-like surface and micro-sized sphere morphology, which led to enhanced process kinetics.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 263-269
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0393-5
Authors
D. Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
X. L. Wang, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
Y. J. Mai, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
X. H. Xia, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
C. D. Gu, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
J. P. Tu, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
The electrochemical reduction of Dy2O3 in CaCl2 melt was studied. The cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, AC impedance and constant voltage electrolysis were employed.
A single cathodic current peak in the cyclic voltammogram and one response semicircle in the AC impedance spectrum were observed,
supporting a one-step electrochemical reduction mechanism of Dy2O3. No intermediates were observed by XRD, which confirmed the following electrochemical reduction sequence: Dy2O3 → Dy. The charge transfer resistances and the activation energies involved in the electrochemical reduction step of Dy2O3 were obtained by simulating the AC impedance spectra with equivalent circuits. The electrochemical reduction reaction of
Dy2O3 is controlled by the charge transfer process at a low voltage range and by the diffusion process at a high voltage range.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 257-262
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0392-6
Authors
Pyonghun Kim, School of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 People’s Republic of China
Hongwei Xie, School of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 People’s Republic of China
Yuchun Zhai, School of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 People’s Republic of China
Xiangyu Zou, School of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 People’s Republic of China
Xiaochuan Lang, School of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 People’s Republic of China
The chemical oxidative polymerization and electrochemical polymerization of 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid with aromatic amines
have been carried out in p-toluenesulfonic acid which acts as a supporting electrolyte as well as an external dopant. The presence of –SO3H groups in the ABSA co-monomer allows the copolymer to acquire intrinsic protonic doping ability. The electrochemically synthesized
polymers and copolymers have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry for analyzing the growth of copolymers and chronoamperometry
studies for their applications to the electrochromic devices. In addition to construction of electrochromic devices (ECDs),
the electrochromic properties of the polymer films were further investigated. Electrochromic switching stability of the devices
was estimated from switching times between their oxidized and reduced states, which indicates that the homopolymers and copolymer
can be used for promising electrochromic devices. Chemically synthesized copolymers were also characterized using various
techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and electrical conductivity at room
temperature.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 225-232
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0387-3
Authors
Ritu Saharan, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
Amarjeet Kaur, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
S. K. Dhawan, Polymeric and Soft Materials Section, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 110012 India
TiO2-doped carbon aerogels (CAs) were synthesized by sol–gel polymerization of a mixture of resorcinol, formaldehyde and tetrabutyl
orthotitanate, followed by gelation and supercritical drying and carbonization in N2 gas atmosphere. The morphology of these TiO2-doped CAs was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller methods were
employed to determine the microstructure and surface characteristics of samples. It was found that the doped TiO2 had no significant effect on the surface area of the samples, whereas the pore and mesopore volumes were increased by the
addition of TiO2. The TiO2 particles were kept still as anatase in samples carbonized at 900 °C, and did not transform into rutile on heating. Electrochemical
performance of the samples as electrode materials was studied by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,
and constant current charge/discharge measurements. The results showed that the specific capacitance of CA electrodes had
been improved by TiO2 doping, and the samples with wider pore diameters have higher capacitance values.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 249-255
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0391-7
Authors
Xingchao Li, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
Ling Liu, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
Qinghan Meng, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
Bing Cao, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
To improve the quality requirements for copper deposits, the influence of some inhibition agents added to the acidic copper
bath has been studied. Several aromatic nitrogen compounds have been tested as inhibition agents, such as aniline, N-methylaniline, N-ethylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA), and N,N-diethylaniline (DEA). The electrochemical behavior of these organic additives and the most relevant aspects of the electrochemical
behavior of copper in acid solutions have been analyzed by cyclic voltammetry. At the same time, a correlation between voltammetric
data and molecular properties of protonated amines obtained by molecular modeling has been performed. The morphology of the
copper deposits obtained in the absence and presence of organic compounds has been studied by scanning electron microscopy.
An improvement of the roughness degree and crystallite size upon addition of aromatic amine has been found. Best results were
obtained for DMA and DEA working at room temperature (25 ± 0.1 °C) and 200 A m−2 current density, in 1 mol L−1 sulfuric acid solution with 50 g L−1 Cu2+.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 217-224
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0385-5
Authors
Constantin Claudiu Văduva, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University “Politehnica” of Timisoara, Piata Victoriei 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
Nicolae Vaszilcsin, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University “Politehnica” of Timisoara, Piata Victoriei 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
Andrea Kellenberger, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University “Politehnica” of Timisoara, Piata Victoriei 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
Mihai Medeleanu, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University “Politehnica” of Timisoara, Piata Victoriei 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
The Ni–Zn binary coating was electrochemically deposited on a copper electrode. Then, it was etched in a concentrated alkaline
solution (30 wt% NaOH) to obtain a porous electrocatalytic surface suitable for methanol electro-oxidation in alkaline solution.
The surface compositions of coatings before and after alkaline leaching were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy
and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The surface morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found
that the leached Ni–Zn coating has a porous structure. Electrocatalytic activity toward the methanol electro-oxidation was
assessed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The activation of electrode related
to the removal of existing corrosion products and formation of pores and cracks during alkaline leaching. Cyclic voltammetry
studies confirmed that the alkaline leaching process improved the activity of Ni–Zn coating in comparison with smooth Ni deposit
for the methanol electro-oxidation.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 153-162
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0382-8
Authors
Mir Ghasem Hosseini, Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Mehdi Abdolmaleki, Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Sajjad Ashrafpoor, Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
A nanocrystalline pyrolytic carbon film was employed as working electrode to detect micromolar-level concentrations of lead
by anodic stripping voltammetery as an example of its potential applications in environmental analysis. The response was compared
with conventional carbon-based electrodes such as glassy carbon, edge-plane pyrolytic graphite, and basal-plane pyrolytic
graphite electrodes. The favorable properties of this carbon coating for Pb detection lie in its high degree of sensitivity,
high response stability, low memory effect, and a good repeatability. The applicability of this sensor was tested on spiked
tap water and river water samples.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 179-187
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0386-4
Authors
Mojtaba Hadi, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, No. 41, Kavian St., Mojtabaee St., Seyyed Khandan Bridge (N.), Shariati Ave., P.O. Box 16315-1618, 15418-49611 Tehran, Iran
Ahmad Rouhollahi, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, No. 41, Kavian St., Mojtabaee St., Seyyed Khandan Bridge (N.), Shariati Ave., P.O. Box 16315-1618, 15418-49611 Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Yousefi, Department of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
Macropores were introduced into nanotube matrices via polystyrene bead templates, and the resulting matrix was applied to
carbon fiber microelectrodes as a porous medium for immobilization of enzymatic biocatalysts. The macropores were found to
increase the electrochemically active surface area by twofold at a nominal polystyrene mass fraction of 73%. The modified
electrodes were further coated with biocatalyst hydrogel comprising glucose oxidase, redox polymer, and crosslinker to create
a glucose oxidizing bioanode. Glucose oxidation current density also increased two fold after introduction of the macropores.
Focused ion beam cut cross-sections reveal complete adsorption of the enzyme-hydrogel matrix into the CNT layer. This templating
technique is a promising approach to the maximization of surface area and transport in bioelectrodes.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 145-151
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0381-9
Authors
Hao Wen, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Harshal Manubhai Bambhania, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Scott Calabrese Barton, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
The stability of Pt–Co/C and Pt–Pd/C electrocatalysts relative to that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst was measured in terms
of the loss of the electrochemical surface area (ESA). The electrocatalytic activity was investigated in an acidic solution
(0.3 M H2SO4) and in a single PEM fuel cell under H2/O2 conditions. In the acidic solution, the ESA of the catalyst decreased as the number of repeated potential cycles increased,
which is likely to be due to dissolution of the different metals contained within the catalyst structure. In the fuel cell
environment, the deterioration of the cell performance increased as the number of repeated potential cycles increased. Thus,
the loss of cell performance may be related to the loss of the ESA. In addition, the loss of the catalyst’s ESA affected the
cell performance at low-, medium-, and high- current densities, indicating a loss of either the activation potential or an
ohmic loss. Among the three electrocatalysts evaluated, the Pt–Co/C based one exhibited the highest electrocatalytic activity
in both the acidic solution and in the fuel cell environment.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 169-178
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0384-6
Authors
Chortip Termpornvithit, Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
Nuchaporn Chewasatn, Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
Mali Hunsom, Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
The Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted polyol process was employed for the synthesis of lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO4) microflowers as a cathode material for Li-ion battery applications. LiMnPO4 microflowers were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope-energy
dispersion spectroscope, and impedance spectroscopy. The microflowers were highly porous with nanosized petals. CR2032 coin
cells were fabricated using LiMnPO4 microflowers’ sample and their battery characteristics were tested. The discharge capacity of LiMnPO4 microflowers was found to be 164 mAh g−1 at 0.1C. The observed high discharge capacity was attributed to the short diffusion length of Li-ion motion in the nanopetals
of the LiMnPO4 microflowers.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
Pages 163-167
DOI 10.1007/s10800-012-0383-7
Authors
P. Ramesh Kumar, Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014 India
M. Venkateswarlu, Research and Development, Amara Raja Batteries, Tirupati, 517501 Andhra Pradesh, India
N. Satyanarayana, Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014 India
.
