Environmental Chemistry: Current Research Articles
Current Articles in the field of Environmental Chemistry published online in scientific journals.
The author- or copyrights of the listed
research articles below
are held by the respective authors or site operators, who are also responsible
for the content of the presentations.
To search
this web page for specific words type "Ctrl" + "F" on your keyboard
(Command + "F" on a Mac). Then: type the word you are searching for in
the window that pops up!
To list your
article here plaease contact us by eMail.
On this page considered biochemistry journals:
Environmental Chemistry - published by
CSIRO -
... is a multidisciplinary journal addressing chemical processes of the environment.
Environmental Science & Technology - published by
The American Chemical Society -
Published twice monthly, ES&T is a unique source of information for scientific and technical professionals in a wide range of environmental disciplines
Journal of Environmental Monitoring - published by
The Royal Society of Chemistry -
... focuses on Environmental Processes and Impacts.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - published by
Springer -
... is located at the interfaces of geology, chemistry, physics and biology.
Current research articles of the mentioned
journals:
We developed an effective method for degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) in contaminated water. Zinc metal as a reducing
agent for CT in aqueous solutions has been previously studied in some detail, but the rapid corrosion of zinc surface usually
reduces its efficiency in removing CT. We assumed that citric acid could enhance the degradation of CT by zinc powder due
to the elimination of a passivation layer of Zn(II) (hydr)oxides on the surface of zinc powder through chelating of organic
ligands with Zn(II) produced from the reaction and keeping the exposure of active sites to targets. Here the influence of
citric acid on the decomposing of CT by commercial micro-scale zinc powder was investigated in a pH range of 3.5–7.5 at 25°C
in batch experiments. Reaction mixtures were analysed by gas chromatography/headspace analysis, and Cl− concentration was determined by turbidimetry. The results demonstrate that the degradation of CT by zinc metal alone is very
weak, but the addition of citric acid can assist zinc powder to decompose CT more completely and rapidly at all pHs. Degradation
of CT took place mainly in the first 10 min of reaction, coupled with 75–95% of CT removal. Maximum dechlorination percentage
(82.4%) of CT was obtained at pH 5.5. In that case, chloroform and dichloromethane, as main intermediates, were found at low
levels during the whole reaction, suggesting that CT may be sequentially and multiply degraded so quickly that methane is
yielded before the intermediates can be desorbed and released to aqueous solution. When compared with the current methods
of nano-scale zinc and bimetallic systems, the application of commercial micro-scale zinc particles assisted by organic ligands
is of environmental significance since it allows decontamination of aqueous chlorinated organic compounds at low cost and
with high efficiency.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0298-7
Authors
Xianchao Gao, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
Feng Yang, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
Yeqing Lan, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
J.-D. Mao, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
Xinyan Duan, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
Alistair S. Jump, Liam Cavin, Peter D. Hunter
(Perspective from J. Environ. Monit.)
Alistair S. Jump, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/b923773a
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Ute Dorgerloh, Roland Becker, Hubert Thei[German sz ligature}en, Irene Nehls
(Paper from J. Environ. Monit.)
Ute Dorgerloh, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c0em00091d
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Aleksandr B. Stefaniak, Christopher J. Harvey, M. Abbas Virji, Gregory A. Day
(Paper from J. Environ. Monit.)
Aleksandr B. Stefaniak, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c0em00269k
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
(News from J. Environ. Monit.)
J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c0em90016h
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Randhir P. Deo, Rolf U. Halden
(Paper from J. Environ. Monit.)
Randhir P. Deo, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c001559h
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Maria Fernandez-Alvarez, J. Pablo Lamas, Maria Garcia-Chao, Carmen Garcia-Jares, Maria Llompart, Marta Lores, Thierry Dagnac
(Paper from J. Environ. Monit.)
Maria Fernandez-Alvarez, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c0em00054j
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Chubashini Shunthirasingham, Catherine E. Oyiliagu, Xiaoshu Cao, Todd Gouin, Frank Wania, Sum-Chi Lee, Karla Pozo, Tom Harner, Derek C. G. Muir
(Paper from J. Environ. Monit.)
Chubashini Shunthirasingham, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c0em00134a
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
A. P. Rowland, A. J. Lawlor, H. J. Guyatt, R. A. Wadsworth
(Paper from J. Environ. Monit.)
A. P. Rowland, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c0em00086h
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Sarah E. Page, William A. Arnold, Kristopher McNeill
(Paper from J. Environ. Monit.)
Sarah E. Page, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c0em00160k
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Kirk L. Shanahan
(Letter from J. Environ. Monit.)
Kirk L. Shanahan, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c001299h
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
J. Marwan, M. C. H. McKubre, F. L. Tanzella, P. L. Hagelstein, M. H. Miles, M. R. Swartz, Edmund Storms, Y. Iwamura, P. A. Mosier-Boss, L. P. G. Forsley
(Letter from J. Environ. Monit.)
J. Marwan, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c0em00267d
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Christopher Harman, Eivind Farmen, Knut Erik Tollefsen
(Paper from J. Environ. Monit.)
Christopher Harman, J. Environ. Monit., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/c0em00147c
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Metal contamination issues are becoming increasingly common in India and elsewhere, with many documented cases of metal toxicity
in mining industries, foundries, smelters, coal-burning power plants and agriculture. Heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper,
lead, chromium and mercury are major environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Heavy
metal accumulation in soils is of concern in agricultural production due to the adverse effects on food safety and marketability,
crop growth due to phytotoxicity, and environmental health of soil organisms. The influence of plants and their metabolic
activities affects the geological and biological redistribution of heavy metals through pollution of the air, water and soil.
This article details the range of heavy metals, their occurrence and toxicity for plants. Metal toxicity has high impact and
relevance to plants and consequently it affects the ecosystem, where the plants form an integral component. Plants growing
in metal-polluted sites exhibit altered metabolism, growth reduction, lower biomass production and metal accumulation. Various
physiological and biochemical processes in plants are affected by metals. The contemporary investigations into toxicity and
tolerance in metal-stressed plants are prompted by the growing metal pollution in the environment. A few metals, including
copper, manganese, cobalt, zinc and chromium are, however, essential to plant metabolism in trace amounts. It is only when
metals are present in bioavailable forms and at excessive levels, they have the potential to become toxic to plants. This
review focuses mainly on zinc, cadmium, copper, mercury, chromium, lead, arsenic, cobalt, nickel, manganese and iron.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8
Authors
P. C. Nagajyoti, Hanyang University Institute of Environmental & Industrial Medicine (IEIM) Seoul South Korea
K. D. Lee, Dongguk University Department of Nanomaterial Chemistry Gyeongju Republic of Korea
T. V. M. Sreekanth, Dongguk University Department of Nanomaterial Chemistry Gyeongju Republic of Korea
The drawback of some organic pesticides is their low water solubility. Cyclodextrins are used as agents for improving pesticides
water solubility. However, the stabilization of the crystalline lattice can reduces to a large extent the solubility of cyclodextrins,
especially β-cyclodextrin. Here, searching for the water soluble β-cyclodextrin derivatives, a set of new “host” compounds
were prepared by the reaction of β-cyclodextrin with methyl epoxycinnamate. The reactants ratio was varied in to study the
substitution degree of the obtained derivatives. The structure was determined by the 1H-NMR and FT IR spectra. The average degree of substitution was determined by integration of the corresponding NMR signals
and by elemental analysis. The solubility of four selected pesticides: dimethoate, simazine, linuron and thiram, in water
with and without addition of the new modified β-cyclodextrin was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Our results showed
that the modified β-cyclodextrins significantly improve solubility of pesticides.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0296-9
Authors
G. Petrović, University of Niš Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Višegradska 33 18 000 Niš Serbia
G. Stojanović, University of Niš Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Višegradska 33 18 000 Niš Serbia
R. Palić, University of Niš Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Višegradska 33 18 000 Niš Serbia
Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, γ-HCH) is a recalcitrant and toxic organochlorine insecticide. Due to its non-selective
production process and widespread use, HCH isomers and their degradation products have been detected frequently in soils and
groundwater. An innovative technology using microbial produced Pd(0) nanoparticles, i.e. bio-Pd, was developed to treat groundwater
containing a mixture of HCHs and chlorobenzenes. In a first step, the groundwater was de-ironized and most of the chlorobenzenes
were removed in a biological trickling filter. The μg L−1 levels of HCHs and chlorobenzenes were removed in a second step by the bio-Pd-based technology. Therefore, a 200-L pilot
scale reactor was developed with 100 mg L−1 bio-Pd encapsulated in alginate beads. Hydrogen gas was bubbled at the bottom of the reactor and served to charge the bio-Pd
catalyst. The reactor influent contained 5.2 μg L−1 HCHs and 51.1 μg L−1 chlorobenzenes. During a test period of 10 days, 29% of the HCH isomers and 63% of the chlorobenzenes were removed applying
a nominal hydraulic residence time of 4 h. These removal percentages could be increased to 75 and 68% by doubling the nominal
hydraulic residence time to 8 h. This study demonstrated that biologically produced nanoparticles of Pd can be applied for
the large-scale remediation of groundwater contaminated with HCHs.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0295-x
Authors
Tom Hennebel, Ghent University Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET) Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
Henri Simoen, Ghent University Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET) Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
Pieter Verhagen, Ghent University Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET) Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
Wim De Windt, Biorem Engineering Avenue de la Concorde 847 62780 Stella Plage France
Jan Dick, Avecom, Industriepark Wondelgem Haven 9000, Industrieweg 122 P 9032 Wondelgem Belgium
Christian Weise, Bauer Umwelt GmbH In der Scherau 1 86529 Schrobenhausen Germany
Frank Pietschner, Bauer Umwelt GmbH In der Scherau 1 86529 Schrobenhausen Germany
Nico Boon, Ghent University Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET) Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
Willy Verstraete, Ghent University Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET) Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
Organo-clay complexes in soil are a major sink for xenobiotics and, thus, often enhance their persistence dramatically. However,
the knowledge on environmental processes of non-extractable residue formation on a short time scale is very restricted. Therefore,
this study examined the distribution of 4-(3,5-dimethylhept-3-yl)phenol (NP) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA)
in soil over a short time period of 48 h and in different soil sub-fractions. The overall proportion of organo-clay-associated
bound residues was not only abundant but also in the same range for both substances (MCPA: 8%; NP: 11% of applied 14C-radioactivity). However, a more detailed view revealed two different distribution patterns: a higher proportion of clay-associated
NP was accompanied by a lower content of bound residues, whereas a smaller fraction of clay-associated MCPA was characterized
by a higher proportion of non-extractable residues. Further on, a selective accumulation of bound residues among clay-associated
humic fractions was observed. NP residues were linked predominantly to humic acids, whereas MCPA residues tended to be incorporated
more into fulvic acids. It was evident that the overall distribution was influenced primarily by the physico-chemical properties
of the contaminants. This study demonstrates in detail a rapid initial incorporation accompanied by a specific distribution
into soil sub-fractions for selected xenobiotics in soil and points to a complex interaction of clay-associated organic matter
with low molecular weight compounds.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0294-y
Authors
Patrick Riefer, RWTH Aachen University Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal Lochnerstr. 4-20 52056 Aachen Germany
Timm Klausmeyer, RWTH Aachen University Institute of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics Woringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
Jan Schwarzbauer, RWTH Aachen University Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal Lochnerstr. 4-20 52056 Aachen Germany
Andreas Schäffer, RWTH Aachen University Institute of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics Woringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
Burkhard Schmidt, RWTH Aachen University Institute of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics Woringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
Phillipe F. X. Corvini, University of Applied Science Northwestern Switzerland Institute for Ecopreneurship Gründenstr. 40 4132 Muttenz Switzerland
The occurrence of bioactive trace pollutants such as pharmaceuticals in natural waters is an emerging issue. Numerous pharmaceuticals
are not completely removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants. Advanced oxidation processes may represent an interesting
alternative to completely mineralize organic trace pollutants. In this article, we show that sulfate radicals generated from
peroxymonosulfate/CoII are more efficient than hydroxyl radicals generated from the Fenton’s reagent (H2O2/FeII) for the degradation of the pharmaceutical compound, carbamazepine. The second-order rate constant for the reaction of SO4·− with carbamazepine is 1.92·109 M−1 s−1. In laboratory grade water and in real urban wastewater, SO4·− yielded a faster degradation of carbamazepine compared to HO· . Under strongly oxidizing conditions, a nearly complete mineralization of carbamazepine was achieved, while under mildly
oxidizing conditions, several intermediates were identified by LC–MS. These results show for the first time in real urban
wastewater that sulfate radicals are more selective than hydroxyl radicals for the oxidation of an organic pollutant and may
represent an interesting alternative in advanced oxidation processes.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0285-z
Authors
Roger Matta, Aix-Marseille Université Laboratoire Chimie Provence (UMR6264) 3 Place Victor Hugo 13331 Marseille France
Sabrine Tlili, Aix-Marseille Université Laboratoire Chimie Provence (UMR6264) 3 Place Victor Hugo 13331 Marseille France
Serge Chiron, Aix-Marseille Université Laboratoire Chimie Provence (UMR6264) 3 Place Victor Hugo 13331 Marseille France
Stéphane Barbati, Aix-Marseille Université Laboratoire Chimie Provence (UMR6264) 3 Place Victor Hugo 13331 Marseille France
A selective sensing polymer for detecting the air pollution marker benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) was prepared by molecular imprinting.
When the B[a]P adsorb onto the polymer at an excited wavelength 266 nm, it emits a characteristic signal at 432 nm. The intensity
of fluorescence signal corresponds to the concentration of B[a]P adsorbed onto the polymer. The cross-selectivity of the sensing
polymer using other 5 PAHs was proven by comparing fluorescence intensities, and the effect of matrix in terms of total dissolved
solids on sensing property of the polymer was evaluated. Using this polymeric sensor, it is possible to detect 1 part per
trillion (ppt) concentration of B[a]P in environmental samples without laborious solvent extraction procedure generally used
in gas chromatograph analysis.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0291-1
Authors
Reddithota J. Krupadam, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur 440 020 India
Cd concentrations in mobile phases of soil are more representative than total Cd concentration for estimating Cd bioavailability,
physicochemical reactivity and mobility. In this study, selective sequential extraction procedures were used to determine
Cd in different soil phases. Soil samples and plants grown in these soils were collected from a serpentine and copper-mining
area in Maden-Elazig-Turkey. The extracted fractions were exchangeable/carbonate, reducible-iron/manganese oxides, oxidizable-organic
matter and sulfides, and residual phases except silicates. Concentrations of Cd in soils and plant samples were determined
by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We found that Cd concentrations
in the EDTA and NH2OH·HCl extracts are higher in most soil samples compared to the other extracts. We conclude that Cd levels in mobile phases
are unexpectedly high. The observed Cd concentrations are in ranges of 0.03–3.4 mg kg−1 for soil and 0.02–2.5 mg kg−1 for plant parts. The percentages of cadmium up to 56% in exchangeable and carbonates fractions were observed to be significantly
higher than in those values less than 2% reported in literature. This study has shown that the modified extraction method
can be usefully applied to determine Cd concentrations in potentially mobile phase of soil. Furthermore, it was concluded
that Brassicasea and Rumex leaves can be used as hyperaccumulator plants because their translocation factor and/or enrichment coefficient values were
found to be higher than 1.0.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0292-0
Authors
Olcay Kaplan, Tunceli University Engineering Faculty, Department of Food Sciences Tunceli Turkey
Muharrem Ince, Mus Alparslan University Education Faculty, Department of Sciences Mus Turkey
Mehmet Yaman, Firat University Sciences and Arts Faculty, Department of Chemistry Universite mah 23119 Elazig Turkey
An major research area in environmental chemistry is the development of methods for the analysis of biomarkers. Metallothioneins
are used as biomarkers in studies of heavy metals exposure in water, because metallothioneins are synthesized and accumulated
when organisms are exposed to toxic concentrations of pollutants. In this work, simple and sensitive voltammetric methods
were developed for metallothionein and copper (II) determinations in fish liver Lepomis gibbosus. Both analytical methodologies were optimized and applied to samples extracted from individuals previously submitted to sub-lethal
toxicological trials with copper sulphate (CuSO4) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The obtained results showed that both methods are very precise, sensitive, and involve simple sample preparation processes.
Moreover, metallothioneins showed better correlation with the toxic exposure than Cu2+. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that hepatic metallothioneins and Cu2+ contents are voltammetrically determined in order to be compared in their function as heavy metal biological indicators.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0293-z
Authors
Pedro Gonçalves Rodrigues, University of Porto REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences Rua do Campo Alegre, 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
Luís Moreira Gonçalves, University of Porto REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences Rua do Campo Alegre, 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
Paulo Jorge Magalhães, University of Porto REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences Rua do Campo Alegre, 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
João Grosso Pacheco, University of Porto REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences Rua do Campo Alegre, 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
José António Rodrigues, University of Porto REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences Rua do Campo Alegre, 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
Aquiles Araújo Barros, University of Porto REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences Rua do Campo Alegre, 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
Organic compounds such as chlorobenzene cannot be effectively decomposed with currently available biological and chemical
treatment methods. Preliminary studies show that nano-scale zero-valent iron particles irradiated by microwave is effective
in decomposing chemically refractive organic compounds such as chlorobenzene. In this study, microwave is applied to enhance
chlorobenzene removal using micron-scale iron particles and nano-scale zero-valent iron particles suspended in the chlorobenzene
solution as the dielectric media. The results show that better chlorobenzene removal can be achieved when the chlorobenzene
solution is irradiated with 250 W microwave for 150 s than without microwave irradiation. The microwave radiation increases
iron reaction rate and surface activity, thus enhancing the chlorobenzene removal. The microwave-induced iron particles cause
the chlorobenzene activation energy to drop 34.0% for micron-scale iron and 16.1% for nano-scale zero-valent iron. They can
remove 13.6 times more chlorobenzene for micro iron, and 3.6 times more chlorobenzene for nano iron. We have demonstrated
that the microwave-induced nano-scale iron particles are effective in treating toxic organic substances as demonstrated in
this laboratory study.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0286-y
Authors
Chien-Li Lee, Diwan University Department of Leisure and Recreation Management Tainan Taiwan
Hsien-Yi Lee, National Kaohsiung First University of Science & Technology Department of Construction Engineering Kaohsiung Taiwan
Kuo-Hung Tseng, National Kaohsiung First University of Science & Technology Department of Construction Engineering Kaohsiung Taiwan
P. K. Andy Hong, University of Utah Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 122 So. Central Campus Dr., 104 CME Salt Lake City UT USA
Chih-Ju G. Jou, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering Kaohsiung Taiwan
In recent years, the stereoselective toxicity of chiral organophosphorus pesticides has received increasing attention from
environmental toxicology scientists. In an attempt to explore the stereoselective effects of chiral organophosphorus pesticides
on non-target organisms and enzymes, this work investigated the stereoselective toxicity and inhibition of malathion, malaoxon
and isomalathion on Daphnia magna and on acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase extracted from wheat flour, respectively. Toxicity differences were observed between
the two enantiomers of malathion and malaoxon and among the four stereoisomers of isomalathion in the LC50 values on D. magna and the IC50 values on acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase. Enantiomers with (R)-configuration in all the tested compounds showed
higher toxicity to D. magna than their (S)-forms and racemic forms. Racemic malaoxon and isomalathion showed the strongest inhibition on acid α-naphthyl
acetate esterase compared to their respective enantiomers and stereoisomers.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0288-9
Authors
Anping Zhang, Zhejiang University of Technology College of Biological and Environmental Engineering 310014 Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
Xuemei Xie, Zhejiang University of Technology College of Biological and Environmental Engineering 310014 Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
Jing Ye, Zhejiang University of Technology College of Biological and Environmental Engineering 310014 Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
Chunmian Lin, Zhejiang University of Technology College of Biological and Environmental Engineering 310014 Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
Xiaoyan Hu, Zhejiang University of Technology College of Biological and Environmental Engineering 310014 Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
The determination of hydrazine derivatives is of special interest because they are toxic and widely used in industry, agriculture
and explosives. Electrochemical analysis has become of growing importance in industrial process control, environmental monitoring,
and different applications in medicine and biotechnology. In the present work, we used a carbon paste electrode modified by
ferrocene and carbon nanotubes for simultaneous determination of phenylhydrazine and hydrazine. The modified electrode showed
an excellent character for electrocatalytic oxidization of phenylhydrazine and hydrazine with a 310 mV separation of both
peaks. Differential pulse voltammetric peak currents of phenylhydrazine and hydrazine increased linearly with their concentrations
at the range of 0.85–700 and 16–800 μM, and the detection limits (3σ) were determined to be 0.6 and 14 μM, respectively. Here,
we show that this electrode could be used as an electrochemical sensor for determination of phenylhydrazine and hydrazine
in real samples (water and urine) with advantages such as short time of analysis, lack of pretreatment procedures and more
cheaper in comparison with some routine analysis methods such as chromatography or spectroscopy. The modified electrode showed
good reproducibility, remarkable long-term stability, and especially good surface renewability by simple mechanical polishing.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0289-8
Authors
Dariush Afzali, International Center for Sciences, High Technology and Environmental Environmetal Department, Research Institute of Environmental Sciences Kerman Iran
Hassan Karimi-Maleh, Islamic Azad University Department of Chemistry Qaemshahr Iran
Mohammad Ali Khalilzadeh, Islamic Azad University Department of Chemistry Qaemshahr Iran
The sorption by solid materials is one of the most important processes that affect the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants
in aquatic systems. Current studies focus on the sorption of hydrophobic pollutants by single natural solid material, whereas
few studies compared the sorption behaviors of different solids. Furthermore, natural aquatic environment is a complex system
where hydrophobic pollutants coexist with many other pollutants, but only limited studies reported the effects of coexisting
components on the sorption. Here we studied the sorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) by three common solids
in natural water, i.e., biofilms, suspended particles and sediments. The effects of typical coexisting heavy metals on the
sorption were also examined. The results show that the sorption is described by a dual-mode sorption model. Compared with
sediments, more DDTs were sorbed by biofilms and suspended particles. Coexisting Pb, Cd and Cu increased the sorption of DDTs
on sediments while decreasing the sorption on biofilms slightly, with little effect on the sorption on suspended particles.
The different sorption behaviors of the solids were mainly determined by the composition of the solids: more organics were
observed in biofilms and suspended particles.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0287-x
Authors
Deming Dong, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Zhiyong Guo, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Xiuyi Hua, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Ying Lan, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Jinting Zhou, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoou Ding, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Qianqian Qiao, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from chemical industry wastewaters has caused serious environmental pollution. Removal of 2,4-DCP
using either physico-chemical or biological methods is not very efficient. In this paper, a combination of biological and
electrochemical methods gave satisfactory results. By comparisons of the degradation of 2,4-DCP and the removal of chemical
oxygen demand (COD) in electrochemical, biological and biofilm-electrode processes, it was found that the biofilm-electrode
process possesses the highest degradation efficiency and removal rate; both the pure electrochemical and the pure biological
processes were far less efficient. The removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP using the biofilm-electrode process was 100% in 48 h,
while that using the pure electrochemical and the pure biological processes were 62 and 42%, respectively. The experiments
show that the current of 5 mA for the cathode of 9 cm2 and the initial concentration 100 mg/l of 2,4-DCP were the optimal parameters of technology for the biofilm-electrode process.
The excellent effects are due to the withdrawing electron action of bacterium, electrochemically anodic oxidation and cathodic
dechlorination. It is the first time that the biofilm-electrode method was applied in 2,4-DCP degradation. Here, we demonstrated
that biofilm-electrode process is a promising method to remove some aromatic compounds in industrial wastewater.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0290-2
Authors
Xue-Na Zhang, The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
Wei-Min Huang, The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
Xuan Wang, The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
Huiting Li, The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
Hai-Yan Lu, The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
Hai-Bo Lin, The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
Svabite is a secondary arsenate mineral, calcium fluoride arsenate [Ca5(AsO4)3F], in the apatite group of phosphates. Its dissolution and subsequent release of aqueous species play an important role in
the cycling of arsenic and fluoride in the environment, but the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of svabite dissolution
have never been investigated. In the present study, svabite was prepared by precipitation and characterized by various techniques,
and then dissolution of synthetic svabite was studied at 25, 35 and 45°C in a series of batch experiments. In addition, the
aqueous concentrations from the batch dissolution were used to calculate the solubility product and free energy of formation
of svabite. The results of the X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy
analyses indicated that the synthetic, microcrystalline svabite with apatite structure used in the experiments has not changed
after dissolution. For the dissolution of svabite [Ca5(AsO4)3F] in ultrapure water, F− ions were initially found to dissolve preferentially when compared with calcium and arsenate. Preferential dissolution of
arsenate when compared with that of calcium was also observed. Dissolution of svabite in aqueous medium appeared to be always
non-stoichiometric at the beginning, but when a dissolution equilibrium or steady state was reached at 25 and 35°C, the solid
dissolved almost stoichiometrically. The release of calcium, arsenic and fluoride to solution increased with decreasing temperature.
The mean Ksp value was calculated for Ca5(AsO4)3F of 10−39.21 (10−39.18 ~ 10−39.24) at 25°C; the free energy of formation ΔGfo[Ca5(AsO4)3F] was −5210.46 kJ/mol.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0284-0
Authors
Yinian Zhu, Guilin University of Technology College of Environmental Science and Engineering Jian-Gan Road 12 Guilin 541004 People’s Republic of China
Xuehong Zhang, Guilin University of Technology College of Environmental Science and Engineering Jian-Gan Road 12 Guilin 541004 People’s Republic of China
Honghu Zeng, Guilin University of Technology College of Environmental Science and Engineering Jian-Gan Road 12 Guilin 541004 People’s Republic of China
Huili Liu, Guilin University of Technology College of Environmental Science and Engineering Jian-Gan Road 12 Guilin 541004 People’s Republic of China
Na He, Guilin University of Technology College of Environmental Science and Engineering Jian-Gan Road 12 Guilin 541004 People’s Republic of China
Meifang Qian, Guilin University of Technology College of Environmental Science and Engineering Jian-Gan Road 12 Guilin 541004 People’s Republic of China
We assessed the transportation tendency of dioxins and predict locations at high risk for dioxin pollution. A new parameter,
the compartment distribution coefficient DC, was created to account for the tendency of dioxins to preferentially accumulate in particular compartments. It was obtained
by a model using levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in four countries: Japan, the United
States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The comparison with the temporal and spatial variation of DC indicated whether the location release or long-range transportation caused the changes. This study showed that PCDD/Fs have
the greatest tendency to remain in soil among studied media. A higher DC value in Australia may indicate that this location is a potential future reservoir source of dioxins.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0276-0
Authors
Yuying Dong, Dalian Nationalities University Department of Environmental Engineering 116600 Dalian Liaoning China
Zening Zheng, Dalian Nationalities University Department of Environmental Engineering 116600 Dalian Liaoning China
Yingli Zhao, Dalian Nationalities University Department of Environmental Engineering 116600 Dalian Liaoning China
Xianliang Qiao, Dalian University of Technology MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology 116024 Dalian Liaoning China
Xuehua Li, Dalian University of Technology MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology 116024 Dalian Liaoning China
Recent investigations have shown that ferrate(VI) salts oxidize organic compounds in aqueous phases with fast reaction from
seconds to minutes and poor selectivity. Few studies have used ferrate(VI) in organic phases. The main issues are the poor
solubility of K2FeO4 in common organic solvents and the low reaction rate. Therefore the interests to date are focused on finding a more effective
catalyst in the organic oxidation. Up to now no work has been reported on acids as catalysis for the oxidative abilities of
K2FeO4 in organic phases. Here we present a novel procedure for oxidizing benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde without an overoxidation
to benzoic acid by K2FeO4 in an organic phase. Using benzyl alcohol as a model, the catalytic activity of various acid solutions was measured. We found
that the reactivity of K2FeO4 to the oxidation of benzyl alcohol can be highly enhanced by addition of a small amount of acid solution at room temperature.
The catalytic ability of acid solutions follows the order acetic acid < oxalic acid < phosphomolybdic acid < phosphotungstic
acid. On the basis of a theoretical analysis, a reaction mechanism is proposed. This method provides a new green way for oxidizing
organic substances by K2FeO4 in nonaqueous media.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0283-1
Authors
Hua Song, Daqing Petroleum Institute Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College 199 Fazhan Rd., High-Tech Zone 163318 Daqing China
Zheng Guang Li, Daqing Petroleum Institute Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College 199 Fazhan Rd., High-Tech Zone 163318 Daqing China
Bao Hui Wang, Daqing Petroleum Institute Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College 199 Fazhan Rd., High-Tech Zone 163318 Daqing China
Trace element concentrations in plant bioindicators are often determined to assess the quality of the environment. Instrumental
methods used for trace element determination require digestion of samples. There are different methods of sample preparation
for trace element analysis, and the selection of the best method should be fitted for the purpose of a study. Our hypothesis
is that the method of sample preparation is important for interpretation of the results. Here we compare the results of 36
element determinations performed by ICP-MS on ashed and on acid-digested (HNO3, H2O2) samples of two moss species (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected in Alaska and in south-central Poland. We found that dry ashing of the moss samples prior to analysis resulted
in considerably lower detection limits of all the elements examined. We also show that this sample preparation technique facilitated
the determination of interregional and interspecies differences in the chemistry of trace elements. Compared to the Polish
mosses, the Alaskan mosses displayed more positive correlations of the major rock-forming elements with ash content, reflecting
those elements’ geogenic origin. Of the two moss species, P. schreberi from both Alaska and Poland was also highlighted by a larger number of positive element pair correlations. The cluster analysis
suggests that the more uniform element distribution pattern of the Polish mosses primarily reflects regional air pollution
sources. Our study has shown that the method of sample preparation is an important factor in statistical interpretation of
the results of trace element determinations.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0282-2
Authors
Zdzisław M. Migaszewski, Jan Kochanowski University Geochemistry and the Environment Div., Institute of Chemistry 15G Świętokrzyska Str. 25-406 Kielce Poland
Paul J. Lamothe, Denver Federal Center U.S. Geological Survey Mail Stop 964D Box 25046 Denver CO 80225 USA
James G. Crock, Denver Federal Center U.S. Geological Survey Mail Stop 964D Box 25046 Denver CO 80225 USA
Agnieszka Gałuszka, Jan Kochanowski University Geochemistry and the Environment Div., Institute of Chemistry 15G Świętokrzyska Str. 25-406 Kielce Poland
Sabina Dołęgowska, Jan Kochanowski University Geochemistry and the Environment Div., Institute of Chemistry 15G Świętokrzyska Str. 25-406 Kielce Poland
Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry methods with Zeeman effect background correction (Z-GFAAS) for determination
of As, Sb, Se, Ag, Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, and Ni in water and sludge samples were developed. The measurements using Z-GFAAS
and variable magnetic field at the three-field dynamic mode permit the sensitivity adaptation for higher analytical concentrations.
Calibration ranges were expanded over two orders of magnitude within one measurement run by the applying three-field dynamic
mode of this correction system. There are presented calibration data, furnace programs, modifiers, and microwave digestion
programs of the obviously monitored elements in the environmental samples. Very low detection limits (3σ criterion) were obtained.
Quality assurance was checked by the suitable CRM. The study brings simultaneous determination of the samples with different
element concentration range and different sample matrixes, as an important application information for an analyst working
in the area of the eco-analytical research.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0281-3
Authors
Viera Vojteková, University of P. J. Šafárik Institute of Chemical Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry Moyzesova 11 040 01 Košice Slovakia
Ján Vojtek, Exclusive Agency of the Analytik Jena in the Slovakia Jánošíkova 1827/65 927 01 Šaľa Slovakia
Juraj Bakoš, Podtatranská Water Works Society inc. Hraničná 662/17 058 89 Poprad Slovakia
High production cost is the key issue of biodiesel industry nowadays. To decrease the cost, using low-quality lipids feedstock
is the most effective way. For low-quality lipids with high content of free fatty acids, a simple and promising route is proposed
to produce biodiesel. Instead of the typical two-step procedure, the esterification and transesterification processes are
performed continuously by simultaneously eliminating the formed water in the reaction system with CaO powder. Investigations
were carried out on the synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester and fatty acid ethyl ester. The results showed that the esterification
rate reached to 99.6% for fatty acid methyl ester and 99.4% for fatty acid ethyl ester within 3–4 h, and the transesterification
rate reached to 89.1 and 86.2%, respectively. Over 93 w% of feedstock oil could be transformed to biodiesel. Besides, hydrophobic
CaCO3 nanorods were also synthesized as value-added by-product. Based on the new route, the production process of biodiesel could
be simplified and the production cost could be reduced.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0280-4
Authors
Hong Lei, Jilin University College of Chemistry 130012 Changchun China
Zichen Wang, Jilin University College of Chemistry 130012 Changchun China
Xu Zhao, Jilin University College of Chemistry 130012 Changchun China
Xuefeng Ding, Jilin University College of Chemistry 130012 Changchun China
Xue Chen, Jilin University College of Chemistry 130012 Changchun China
Hongxi Zhang, Jilin University College of Chemistry 130012 Changchun China
Fish, a widely claimed healthy food for humans, could also pose problems to health due to (1) accumulation of pollutants,
especially heavy metals, (2) presence of marine toxins such as tetrodotoxin, ciguatoxin or okadaic acid and (3) metabolic
production of large amount of uric acid which may crystallize in kidney or in articulations. As tuna fish represents a large
part of the traditional food in some countries, the possible impact of its consumption on public health was investigated,
with special attention to biochemical and histological alterations related to the genital function. For that purpose, white
or red muscle from tuna fish was added for 60 days to the diet of male rats, and attention was paid to biochemical and histological
alterations related to the genital function. Feeding rats with white muscle, and much more markedly with red muscle known
to be more metabolically active, resulted in (1) an elevated uric acid level in blood, (2) an increase in lead level in testis,
(3) an atrophy of the genital tract, including testes, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles, (4) a lowering of plasma
testosterone level, (5) a decrease in spermatozoids number and motility, (6) an oxidative stress in testes including an increase
in lipids peroxidation level and enhanced superoxide-dismutase, catalase and glutathione-peroxidase activities. We conclude
that consumption of tuna fish meat, especially the dark one, should be reduced.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0277-z
Authors
Nesrine Gdoura, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, BP 3000, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
Abdelwaheb Abdelmouleh, Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Biodiversity, INSTM, Sfax, Tunisia
Khansa Chaabouni, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
Fatma Makni Ayadi, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
Fadhel Guermazi, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
Jean-Claude Murat, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France
Abdelfattah Elfeki, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, BP 3000, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
Abstract Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites is often limited by the low-bioavailability of the contaminants. Complexing
agents can help to improve this technique by enhancing heavy metal solubility. Pot experiments were conducted to determine
the best time for the application of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sheep manure extract (SME) for phytoremediation
of a contaminated soil by Brassica napus. The plant was grown on a mine calcareous soil treated with increasing concentrations of EDTA or SME 30 and 10 days before
sowing (T1 and T2) and 10 and 30 days after sowing (T3 and T4). Soil available Pb and lead concentrations in plant organs
of Brassica napus increased with EDTA concentration. The EDTA application before seed germination significantly reduced rapeseed seedling emergence
and dry weight. However, the actual amount of phytoextracted Pb by rapeseed did not decrease significantly, due to severe
growth depression, at high EDTA concentrations when it had applied at a suitable time (T4). SME application after sowing increased
plant dry weight and Pb concentration in the soil solution and enhanced the accumulated metal concentrations in shoots and
roots. Comparing the effect of EDTA and SME on Pb phytoextraction, the study showed that SME is not more effective than EDTA.
The efficiency of EDTA on Pb phytoextraction by Brassica napus depends on the time of application. The most efficient treatment for Pb phytoextraction by rapeseed was application of 2 g
EDTA/kg soil at T4.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0275-1
Authors
Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
Fahime Khalilikhah, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
Abstract We report a facile approach for preparing mesoporous boron-doped TiO2 materials by combining the sol–gel process with the dehydration of glucose. Specifically a high surface carbon material
was formed by dehydration of glucose, then used as template. This material and the TiO2 dry gel were calcinated to produce porous TiO2. The as-synthesized boron-doped TiO2 was in pure anatase crystallite phase with high surface area. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that
boron was incorporated into the anatase TiO2 lattice to form TiO2−xBx. The absorption spectra of TiO2−xBx extended into the visible region to 460 nm. The TiO2−xBx exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity on phenol degradation than pure TiO2. It showed that the phenol degradation by-products of TiO2−xBx were different from that of pure TiO2. Mechanism of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol at TiO2−xBx was also proposed.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-010-0274-2
Authors
Leyan Xiong, East China Jiao Tong University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 330013 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Longzhen Zheng, East China Jiao Tong University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 330013 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Jingpeng Xu, Jiangxi Institute of Analysis and Testing 330029 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Dan Zheng, East China Jiao Tong University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 330013 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Junhua Li, East China Jiao Tong University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 330013 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Xinjia Li, East China Jiao Tong University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 330013 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Juan Sun, East China Jiao Tong University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 330013 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Qiang Liu, East China Jiao Tong University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 330013 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Liling Niu, East China Jiao Tong University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 330013 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Shaoming Yang, East China Jiao Tong University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 330013 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Jian Xia, East China Jiao Tong University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 330013 Nanchang Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
Abstract Humic acids (HAs) are formed during decomposition of organic matter. Their adsorption, dispersion or emulsification properties
attract the interest of medical science and pharmacy. The aim of this work was to study antimutagenic effects of processed
HA. Yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 was first used for HA antimutagenicity testing. The highest antimutagenic activity was found in potassium and sodium humates.
Humates isolated from lignite pre-treated by HNO3 exhibited slightly lower antimutagenic activity; this effect is caused probably by their higher oxidation degree. Sodium
humate processed at 250°C exhibited genotoxic effect, which is probably connected with accelerated formation of reactive oxygen
species such as superoxide anion by HA at higher temperature.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0270-6
Authors
I. Marova, Brno University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
J. Kucerik, Brno University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
K. Duronova, Brno University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
A. Mikulcova, Brno University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
Z. Vlckova, Brno University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
Abstract Soil is damaged by several threats and, among them, chemical contamination by pesticides and compaction. However, the effect
of compaction on the fate of pesticides in soil, and the impact of pesticides on soil biological functioning are unknown.
Therefore, we studied the effect of soil compaction on the degradation of the herbicide isoproturon, and the impact of this
herbicide on an enzyme activity (β-glucosidase) involved in the C soil cycle. Undisturbed soil samples were prepared at different bulk densities, treated with
isoproturon then incubated at 18°C in darkness for 63 days. The results showed that soil compaction did not modify significantly
the degradation of isoproturon, neither the formation rates nor the nature of its metabolites. Moreover, compaction did not
modify the impact of isoproturon on β-glucosidase activity. To our knowledge, these are the first results concerning the interactions between soil compaction and
the degradation and impact of a pesticide.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0273-3
Authors
Laure Mamy, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Pauline Vrignaud, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Nathalie Cheviron, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
François Perreau, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Mehdi Belkacem, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Agathe Brault, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Sébastien Breuil, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Ghislaine Delarue, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Jean-Pierre Pétraud, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Isabelle Touton, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Christian Mougin, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Véronique Chaplain, INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
Abstract The possibility of utilizing hydrochloric acid-based waste pickle liquor (WPL) and medium-grade pyrolusite ore to synthesize
manganese zinc ferrite was explored. The excess acidity of the WPL was neutralized using mild steel turnings. The unreacted
mild steel scrap and suspended solids were removed by filtration. Partial precipitation technique was employed to reduce the
impurities. The purified WPL was treated with medium-grade pyrolusite ore to prepare the leach liquor to which the required
quantities of ferrous chloride and zinc granules were added to maintain stoichiometry in the resultant compound. The hydroxy
carbonate of manganese, zinc and iron was precipitated by the addition of a hot solution (70°C) of sodium carbonate (20% v/v),
which upon sintering in argon atmosphere yielded manganese zinc ferrite. The addition of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) helped
in preventing agglomeration of the particles. Sintering at 450°C for 30 min in argon atmosphere has resulted in mixed phases
of (Zn,Mn,Fe) (Fe,Mn)2O4 and Mn3O4, which indicates lack of phase purity. Sintering at temperatures higher than 950°C for 5 h in argon atmosphere enabled complete
ferritization. The extent of ferritization was found to be a function of sintering time at 950°C. The manganese zinc ferrites
synthesized using WPL and medium-grade pyrolusite ore exhibited soft magnetic characteristics.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0272-4
Authors
B. R. V. Narasimhan, Madras Centre National Metallurgical Laboratory CSIR Complex, Taramani Chennai 600 113 India
Satendra Kumar, Madras Centre National Metallurgical Laboratory CSIR Complex, Taramani Chennai 600 113 India
T. S. N. Sankara Narayanan, Madras Centre National Metallurgical Laboratory CSIR Complex, Taramani Chennai 600 113 India
Abstract Single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) are one of the most attractive engineered nanomaterials due to their unique electrical,
mechanical and thermal properties, and potential use in a variety of commercial products. Due to their small size, CNT could
become easily airborne and reach the various environmental compartments and eventually the food chain and humans. However,
the environmental fate processes and health impacts of CNT are not clear. This study investigated a method for the quantitative
measurement of carbon nanotube (CNT) in natural media such soil and benthic organism tissues. Fluorescence dye Nile blue was
used for noncovalent labeling of CNT to enable their fluorescence detection. Labeled nanotubes were successfully detected
in soil samples as well as in worm tissue. We were also able to detect the presence of labeled carbon nanotubes in worms exposed
for 1 week to CNT-laden soil, which indicates CNT may transfer through environmental food web. The method allows for laboratory
measurements of CNT mass transfer and partitioning into various environmental systems.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0271-5
Authors
Minghui Yang, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Center for Advanced Sensor Technology and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 5200 Westland blvd. Baltimore MD 21227 USA
Seokjoon Kwon, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 5200 Westland blvd. Baltimore MD 21227 USA
Yordan Kostov, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Center for Advanced Sensor Technology and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 5200 Westland blvd. Baltimore MD 21227 USA
Avraham Rasooly, FDA Division of Biology, Office of Science and Engineering Silver Spring MD 20993 USA
Govind Rao, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Center for Advanced Sensor Technology and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 5200 Westland blvd. Baltimore MD 21227 USA
Upal Ghosh, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 5200 Westland blvd. Baltimore MD 21227 USA
Abstract Hybrid catalysts were synthesized by attaching iron(III)-tetrakis(p-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (FeTPP(OH)4) to humic acid (HA) via urea–formaldehyde polycondensation. FTIR spectra of the prepared catalysts indicated that the catalysts
prepared via urea–formaldehyde polycondensation contained cross-links between the phenolic groups of FeTPP(OH)4 and HA, which contains aliphatic amine functional groups. The prepared catalysts were examined for their ability to catalyze
the oxidative degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a contaminated soil suspension. The levels of PCP degradation and
dechlorination for the hybrid catalysts were significantly higher than those for the non-modified catalyst, FeTPP(OH)4.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0269-z
Authors
Masami Fukushima, Hokkaido University Division of Solid Waste, Resources and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
Satoko Shigematsu, Hokkaido University Division of Solid Waste, Resources and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
Seiya Nagao, Kanazawa University Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Wake, Nomi-shi, Ishikawa 923-1224 Japan
Abstract An analytical procedure was developed to allow for the study of the levels of concentration of biocides in the various different
ports on the island of Gran Canaria, The Canary Islands. The analytes studied were extracted from water samples using solid-phase
extraction and then determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a diode array detector. The relative standard
deviations of the developed procedure were under 12%. Recoveries over 85% and limits of detection between 0.007 and 0.4 μg/L
were obtained for all the analytes. The method was applied to the analysis of sea water samples from the ports and marinas
on the island of Gran Canaria.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0265-3
Authors
Álvaro Sánchez Rodríguez, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
Zoraida Sosa Ferrera, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
José Juan Santana Rodríguez, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
Abstract High production cost is the key issue of biodiesel industry nowadays. To low down the cost, using low-quality lipids feedstock
is the most effective way. Two-step process is vastly applied to deal with those low-quality lipids to produce biodiesel.
However, environmentally unfriendly wastes are formed during the process. Here we use calcium oxide residue and wastewater
from biodiesel production to produce nanostructured calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by carbonation at ambient temperature. The results show that CaCO3 is hydrophobic and has broccoli-like morphology. It is made up of many uniform nano-rods, and each rod is composed of smaller
particles with diameters about 50 nm. The idea of wastes utilization could make the biodiesel production process environmentally
friendly, and the income of the produced CaCO3 could further low down the cost of biodiesel production.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0267-1
Authors
Hong Lei, Jilin University College of Chemistry Qianjin Street 2699 130012 Changchun China
Xue Chen, Jilin University College of Chemistry Qianjin Street 2699 130012 Changchun China
Shuang Guan, Jilin University College of Chemistry Qianjin Street 2699 130012 Changchun China
Yang Liu, Jilin University College of Chemistry Qianjin Street 2699 130012 Changchun China
Xuefeng Ding, Jilin University College of Chemistry Qianjin Street 2699 130012 Changchun China
Zichen Wang, Jilin University College of Chemistry Qianjin Street 2699 130012 Changchun China
Abstract The present study investigated the influence of 241Am on microbial growth and the degradation of organic waste. Leachate samples collected in a lysimeter were periodically analyzed
for bacterial growth, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 241Am inhibited bacterial growth, and the degradation of organic matter was delayed in comparison with the control. Minimal inhibitory
concentration assays and survival curves revealed that it inhibits the growth of Pseudomonas putida F1. The assay also revealed that 241Am is more toxic than 238U, Zn2+ and Cd2+. This study further led to the finding of four new radionuclide-tolerant bacterial strains: Flavobacterium spp., Pseudomonas gladioli, Chryseobacterium indologenes and Ochrobactrum anthropi. The survival curves of P. gladioli, C. indologenes revealed that these bacteria are resistant to metal as consortia.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0266-2
Authors
Rafael Vicente de Pádua Ferreira, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute—IPEN – CNEN/SP Waste Management Laboratory Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP 05508-000 Brazil
Solange Kazumi Sakata, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute—IPEN – CNEN/SP Waste Management Laboratory Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP 05508-000 Brazil
Vera Lúcia Keiko Isiki, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute—IPEN – CNEN/SP Waste Management Laboratory Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP 05508-000 Brazil
Hissae Miyamoto, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute—IPEN – CNEN/SP Waste Management Laboratory Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP 05508-000 Brazil
Maria Helena Bellini, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute—IPEN – CNEN/SP Waste Management Laboratory Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP 05508-000 Brazil
Luis Filipe C. P. de Lima, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute—IPEN – CNEN/SP Waste Management Laboratory Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP 05508-000 Brazil
Júlio Takehiro Marumo, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute—IPEN – CNEN/SP Waste Management Laboratory Av Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP 05508-000 Brazil
Abstract The charge distribution, the isolation, purification, and characterization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were investigated.
A new HRP protein binding La (La-HRP) was found for the first time in vivo. The molecular weight of the La-HRP protein is
about 43,833 Da. The activity index (Rz) of the La-HRP protein (Rz = 2.4) is lower than that of HRP (Rz = 3.1). The La-HRP
protein is absorbed in the plasma membrane of the plant and animal, leading to the change in the function of the cell membrane.
Therefore, the La-HRP protein is harmful to living organisms.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0262-6
Authors
Na Jiang, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science 210097 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
Lihong Wang, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science 210097 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
Chunlei Du, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science 210097 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
Xiaolan Ding, Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology 100084 Beijing People’s Republic of China
Xiaohua Huang, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science 210097 Nanjing People’s Republic of China
Abstract Recently it has come to our attention that a paper was published in this journal entitled “recycling greenhouse gas fossil
fuel emissions into low radiocarbon food products to reduce human genetic damage” (Williams in Environ Chem Lett 5:197–202,
2007). In this article, it is argued that food grown in a greenhouse is healthier for people, when the greenhouse is fertilised
with CO2 prepared from fossil fuels. In this comment, however, we argue that the effect on human health is completely negligible.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0264-4
Authors
J. van der Plicht, Groningen University Center for Isotope Research Groningen The Netherlands
J. P. M. Beijers, Groningen University Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut Groningen The Netherlands
Abstract The Au/Al2O3 and Au–Rh/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by deposition–precipitation. The promotional effect of Rh on the performance of the Au/Al2O3 catalyst for CO oxidation was studied. The results indicate that using Au/Al2O3 catalyst, CO can be completely oxidized at 0°C or much lower temperature but the catalyst deactivated very fast. Rh can improve
the stability of Au/Al2O3 catalyst more than 10 times, which gives an important hint to develop high stable catalyst for CO oxidation at low temperature.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0261-7
Authors
Xiaohong Wang, East China University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis Shanghai China
Guanzhong Lu, East China University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis Shanghai China
Yun Guo, East China University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis Shanghai China
Zhigang Zhang, East China University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis Shanghai China
Yanglong Guo, East China University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis Shanghai China
Abstract Several physiologically based extraction procedures have been proposed to estimate the fraction of the potentially toxic element
content that would be bioaccessible in the human gastro-intestinal tract following accidental ingestion of soil. Many of these
procedures are complex, they have been applied to a very limited range of soils, and most work has focussed on arsenic and
lead. In the present study, a simplified, two-stage extraction, simulating the human stomach and intestine, was developed
and applied to urban soil samples from ten public-access areas in the City of Torino, Italy. The human oral bioaccessibility
of chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc was estimated. Lead and zinc bioaccessibilities were found to be higher in the
stomach, but chromium was more bioaccessible in the intestine. Analyte concentrations were higher in roadside soils than in
soils from parks. A higher proportion of the soil metal content was found in bioaccessible forms at roadsides than in parks.
Comparison of the current findings with results of earlier work involving sequential extraction of the same soils indicated
that the sequential procedure gave a relative, but not an absolute, indication of bioaccessibility. Calculations based on
the bioaccessible analyte concentrations suggest that ingestion of only 2–3 g of some of the roadside soil samples from Torino
could deliver the tolerable daily oral intake of chromium, nickel and lead to a 20-kg child. The developed procedure is useful
for preliminary screening of soils and prediction of whether their bioaccessible metal contents are likely to pose a risk
to human health.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0263-5
Authors
Julien Sialelli, University of Strathclyde WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
Christine M. Davidson, University of Strathclyde WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
Andrew S. Hursthouse, University of the West of Scotland School of Engineering and Science High Street Paisley PA1 2BE UK
Franco Ajmone-Marsan, Università di Torino DI.VA.P.R.A., Chimica Agraria Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44 10095 Grugliasco Torino Italy
Abstract A new composite for water treatment was prepared by melt blend for oil and hexavalent chromium absorption. Ethylene Propylene
Diene Monomer (EPDM) was the matrix, calcinatory Fe2O3 and anion-exchange resin 201×7 were the fillers. This composite can suspend in water–oil contact (WOC) and absorb oils and
hexavalent chromium in wastewater simultaneously. The absorbencies of composites changed greatly with various ratios of calcinatory
Fe2O3 and anion-exchange resin 201×7. The results showed that the oil absorbencies increased continuously and hexavalent chromium
absorbencies were step-down as calcinatory Fe2O3 loadings from 13 to 19%. The composite can adsorb oils and hexavalent chromium simultaneously. The optimized proportion of
calcinatory Fe2O3 and anion-exchange resin 201×7 in composite was found when the absorbencies of oils and hexavalent chromium reaching the
maximum simultaneously. This composite is an inexpensive, convenient and high efficiency material for removing oils and hexavalent
chromium from wastewater.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0256-4
Authors
X. Q. Liu, Jilin Agricultural University College of Food Science and Engineering 130118 Changchun China
G. Zhang, Jilin University Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering 130012 Changchun China
H. Q. Xing, Jilin University College of Quartermaster Technology 130062 Changchun China
P. Huang, Jilin University Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering 130012 Changchun China
X. L. Zhang, Jilin University Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering 130012 Changchun China
Abstract Aquatic environments are often exposed to toxic heavy metals, which gain access to the food chain via microalgae and may cause
severe problems at higher trophic levels. However, such a metabolic specificity can be taken advantage of in bioremediation
strategies. The potential of a novel wild strain of Scenedesmus obliquus, previously isolated from a heavy metal-contaminated site in northern Portugal, to remove Zn from aqueous solutions was thus
studied, using several initial concentrations. The removal extent reached its maximum by 1 day: 836.5 mg Zn/g biomass, at
the initial concentration of 75 mg/L, mainly by adsorption onto the cell surface. Comparative studies encompassing a commercially
available strain of the same microalgal species led to a maximum removal extent of only 429.6 mg Zn/g biomass, under identical
conditions. Heat-inactivated cells permitted a maximum removal of 209.6 mg Zn/g biomass, at an initial concentration of 50 mg
Zn/L. The maximum adsorption capacity of Zn, estimated via Langmuir’s isotherm, was 330 mg Zn/g biomass. Finally, Zn removal
was highest at pH 6.0–7.0. It was proven, for the first time, that such a wild microalga can uptake and adsorb Zn very efficiently,
which unfolds a particularly good potential for bioremediation. Its performance is far better than similar (reference) species,
especially near neutrality, and even following heat-treatment.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0258-2
Authors
Cristina M. Monteiro, Universidade Católica Portuguesa CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 4200-072 Porto Portugal
Paula M. L. Castro, Universidade Católica Portuguesa CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 4200-072 Porto Portugal
F. Xavier Malcata, Universidade Católica Portuguesa CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 4200-072 Porto Portugal
Abstract Bioremediation potential of bacteria and fungi isolated from sludge samples has been investigated (Danube alluvium, Pančevo,
Serbia). Total isolated microorganisms were divided into three parts. One part was added with actidione antifungicide. The
second part was added with streptomycin antibiotic. The third part was without additives. Paraffinic type of crude oil was
a substrate for assessment of bioremediation potential. The simulated oil biodegradation lasted 30, 60 and 90 days. Parallel
with that, the experiments with blind trial were conducted. Extracts were isolated from the samples with chloroform in a separate
funnel. They were assayed for the group composition (alkanes, aromatics, alcohols and fatty acids) by column chromatography.
Alkane fraction was analysed by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The most intense oil degradation was achieved
in the experiments with bacteria, somewhat weaker with consortium of fungi and bacteria, and the weakest bioremediation potential
in these experiments was shown by fungi.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0257-3
Authors
Mila Ilić, IChTM Center of Chemistry Studentski trg 12-16 11001 Belgrade Serbia
Mališa Antić, IChTM Center of Chemistry Studentski trg 12-16 11001 Belgrade Serbia
Vesna Antić, IChTM Center of Chemistry Studentski trg 12-16 11001 Belgrade Serbia
Jan Schwarzbauer, Aachen University Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal Lochenerstrasse 4-20 52056 Aachen Germany
Miroslav Vrvić, University of Belgrade Faculty of Chemistry Studentski trg 12-16 11001 Belgrade Serbia
Branimir Jovančićević, University of Belgrade Faculty of Chemistry Studentski trg 12-16 11001 Belgrade Serbia
Abstract Imprinted polymer particles have been developed as a novel adsorbent for the adsorption of copper from aqueous solution. This
method has received much attention in various fields because of their high selectivity for template molecules. In this work,
separation of copper from water and biological samples by batch solid phase extraction based on molecular imprinting technique
is presented. Copper-imprinted polymer was prepared by free radical solution polymerization in a glass tube containing CuSO4, morin, 4-vinylpyridine as a functional monomer, ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate as a cross-linking monomer, 2,2′- azobisisobutyronitrile
as an initiator. The polymer block obtained was ground and sieved, and the Cu-morin complex was removed from polymer particles.
The synthesized polymer particles both prior to and after leaching have been characterized by IR and X-ray diffraction studies.
The effect of different parameters, such as pH, adsorption and desorption time, type and least amount of the eluent for elution
of the complex from polymer were evaluated. The limit of detection of the proposed method was 0.12 μg L−1. The method was applied to the recovery and determination of copper in water and biological real samples.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0260-8
Authors
Mostafa Khajeh, University of Zabol Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 98615-538 Zabol Iran
Esmael Sanchooli, University of Zabol Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 98615-538 Zabol Iran
Abstract The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in natural waters is a potential threat to human nutrition and ecosystem quality. The persistence
of the acidic pharmaceuticals gemfibrozil, naproxen and mefenamic acid was studied in surface waters of Maracaibo Lake and
Tule reservoir (Venezuela) under laboratory conditions. A quick and easy analytical method was developed for the determination
of the acidic drugs at microgram per liter levels using aqueous derivatization, liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry. Pharmaceuticals degradation followed a pseudo first-order kinetic and their half-lives were calculated for every
experimental condition. Under sunlight, naproxen and mefenamic acid were degraded at moderate rates with half-lives from 9.6 ± 0.5
to 27.0 ± 6.6 days, while gemfibrozil had a higher persistence (t1/2 = 119.5 ± 15.6 − 288.8 ± 61.3 days).
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0239-5
Authors
Lilia Araujo, University of Zulia Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering PO Box 4011-A-526 Maracaibo Venezuela
Noreiva Villa, University of Zulia Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering PO Box 4011-A-526 Maracaibo Venezuela
Nuris Camargo, University of Zulia Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering PO Box 4011-A-526 Maracaibo Venezuela
Maikellys Bustos, University of Zulia Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering PO Box 4011-A-526 Maracaibo Venezuela
Theobaldo García, University of Zulia Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering PO Box 4011-A-526 Maracaibo Venezuela
Avismelsi de Jesus Prieto, University of Zulia Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering PO Box 4011-A-526 Maracaibo Venezuela
Abstract A novel cation exchanger, polymethacrylic acid-grafted saw dust (SD) with spacer group (SP) containing carboxylate functional
group at the chain end (SDGPMA-SP-COOH) was prepared from saw dust of Jack wood, and its adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamics
of Cr(III) ions were studied at different initial concentrations and temperatures at pH 7.0 using batch technique. Thermodynamic
parameters such as change in standard free energy, ΔG0, standard enthalpy, ΔH0 and standard entropy, ΔS0 were determined. The values of isosteric heat of adsorption (ΔHx) remain constant at different surface loading of Cr(III) indicating homogeneous surface sites and the absence of lateral
interaction between adsorbed ions.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0255-5
Authors
T. S. Anirudhan, University of Kerala Department of Chemistry Kariavattom Trivandrum 695 581 India
P. G. Radhakrishnan, University of Kerala Department of Chemistry Kariavattom Trivandrum 695 581 India
Abstract The formation of stable and potentially hazardous compounds as a result of photochemical transformation of pharmaceutical
substances in the aquatic environment implies a demand for standard compounds within environmental analysis. The major phototransformation
products of diclofenac are comprised of substituted diphenylamines and carbazoles. Substituted diphenylamines were synthesized
by Ullmann condensation reactions between anilines and halobenzenes. Monochlorocarbazoles were obtained from palladium-catalyzed
intramolecular coupling reactions of monochlorinated diphenylamines, photocyclization of dichlorinated diphenylamines or by
direct chlorination of carbazole. The availability of synthetic photoproducts of diclofenac is of critical importance for
further studies on the environmental fate as well as the ecotoxicological effects of the drug in the environment.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0259-1
Authors
Jesper Svanfelt, Åbo Akademi University Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Biskopsgatan 8 20500 Turku Finland
Leif Kronberg, Åbo Akademi University Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Biskopsgatan 8 20500 Turku Finland
Abstract In the present article, a simple, rapid, sensitive and economical method has been developed for the simultaneous separation
and preconcentration of the trace amounts of copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese in water samples by using modified XAD-4
resins. The sorption was quantitative in the pH range 6.0–9.0, whereas quantitative desorption occurred instantaneously with
5.0 mL of 2 M HNO3, and selected elements have been determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Dynamic ranges were 0.04–3.5,
0.1–6.0, 0.04–4.5 and 0.04–4.0 μg/mL for copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese, respectively. The detection limits were 9.2,
28.6, 12.3 and 5.7 ng/mL for Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(II), respectively. The effects of the experimental parameters,
including the sample pH, eluent type, interference ions and breakthrough volume, were studied for separation and preconcentration
of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(II) ions. Determination of these ions in standard samples confirmed that the proposed method
has good accuracy. The proposed method was used for the determination of these ions in water samples.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0254-6
Authors
Daryoush Afzali, International Center for Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences Environment Department, Research Institute of Environmental Sciences Kerman Iran
Sayez Zia Mohammadi, Payame Noor University Department of Chemistry Bam Iran
Abstract The levels of a wide variety of pharmaceuticals and hormones, in source and potable-water supplies of French drinking water
treatment plants, were assessed. In surface waters, 27 of the 51 target compounds were determined at least once. Paracetamol,
salicylic acid and carbamazepine were quantified in more than 80% of samples. The highest concentration of 71 ng/L was observed
for paracetamol. Twelve other substances were widely found in the surface waters studied, contaminating between 33 and 80%
of the samples. These compounds include analgesics, psychotropic drugs, antibiotics and beta-blockers consistent with the
French consumption, as well as natural hormones (oestrone, progesterone and androgens) and synthetic progestatives. In drinking
water supplies, 25 compounds were also present, salicylic acid being the most frequently detected. Carbamazepine and the β-blocker
atenolol found at lower levels (maximum 2 ng/L), are also present in more than 30% of the contaminated drinking waters. The
pharmaceuticals exhibit different reactivity towards the treatments, while progestagens and androgens seem resistant to most
of them. The effectiveness of the treatments is discussed, as well as the consequences of the presence of all these compounds
on human health. This is the first time that such a long list of compounds (51) is proposed to assessment, and consequently
this study provides the first data on pharmaceuticals and steroids occurrences in French drinking waters and represents a
basis for the assessment of risks for humans. Moreover, at the international level, this is the first time that so many substances
are quantified in drinking water, due to the very low detection limits, especially in the case of the hormones.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0253-7
Authors
Emmanuelle Vulliet, Service Central d’Analyse du CNRS - USR59 Chemin du Canal 69360 Solaize France
Cécile Cren-Olivé, Service Central d’Analyse du CNRS - USR59 Chemin du Canal 69360 Solaize France
Marie-Florence Grenier-Loustalot, Service Central d’Analyse du CNRS - USR59 Chemin du Canal 69360 Solaize France
Abstract A novel quantitative structure–retention relationship model has been developed for the gas chromatographic relative retention
times (tR) of 67 polychlorinated monoterpene congeners in a non-polar column. Modeling of the relative retention time of these compounds
as a function of the theoretically derived descriptors was established by principal component and partial least squares regressions.
The choice of optimal training sets is efficiently performed by Kohonen self-organizing map. The genetic algorithm was used
for the selection of the variables resulted in the best-fitted models. Appropriate models with low standard errors and high
correlation coefficients were obtained. Wiener index, Balaban index, and ideal gas thermal capacity are examples of the descriptors
affected by the retention times of polychlorinated monoterpenes.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0251-9
Authors
Jahan B. Ghasemi, K.N. Toosi University of Technology Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences Tehran Iran
Sh. Ahmadi, Razi University Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Kermanshah Iran
S. D. Brown, University of Delaware Chemistry and Biochemistry Department Newark DE 19716 USA
Abstract The degradation of camphor using titanium/ruthenium dioxide (TiO2/RuO2; 70:30) electrodes was investigated in a photoelectrochemical thin-film reactor under near UV light irradiation. Two different
electrolytes (Na2SO4 and NaCl) were used in this work. Camphor degradation was monitored by solvent extraction methods and gas chromatography
(GC) analysis. Comparative studies between photoelectrochemical, electrochemical, photolytic, and heterogeneous photocatalytical
process were carried out. When NaCl was used, the degradation efficiency of camphor was improved, probably on account of electrochemical
generation of active chlorine species and their photochemical conversion to chlorine radicals. Under these conditions camphor
was completely mineralized at reaction times of 30 min.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0252-8
Authors
Adriane Martins de Freitas, Universidade Federal do Paraná Departamento de Química PO Box 19081 81531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
Carla Sirtori, Universidade Federal do Paraná Departamento de Química PO Box 19081 81531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
Patricio Peralta-Zamora, Universidade Federal do Paraná Departamento de Química PO Box 19081 81531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
Abstract In this study, zinc-contaminated soils were chosen as a candidate material for the removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from hot coal-derived gas. Laboratory experiments showed that H2S was decreased to less than 10 ppm when the zinc-contaminated soils were reacted with H2S. The best removal temperature of H2S was found to be at 550°C in the operating conditions. In addition to zinc species, free iron oxides in contaminated soils
also performed an active species to react with H2S and enhanced the sulfur capacity. Through the XPS analysis, iron sulfide (FeS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) were the major products
after removal experiments. Regeneration experimental results indicated that the zinc-contaminated soils can be regenerated
by pass diluted air and thus be reused on the removal of H2S for many times.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0249-3
Authors
Tzu-Hsing Ko, Kao Fong College of Digital Contents Department of Leisure and Recreation Management 38, Hsin-Hsing Road Chang-Ji Hsiang, Pingtung County Taiwan
Abstract A new method for the determination of submicromolar and nanomolar concentrations of herbicide Bifenox using differential pulse
voltammetry at a mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode is described. This new type of working electrode
is non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and compatible with principles of green analytical chemistry, and its surface can
be easily electrochemically renewed in the case of passivation. The newly developed direct differential pulse voltammetric
determination of Bifenox gives limit of determination 6.7·10−7 and 6.9·10−7 M in drinking and river water, respectively. Both the selectivity and the sensitivity can be further increased by preliminary
separation and preconcentration using solid phase extraction. This combination enables to reach limit of determination 0.9 × 10−9 and 1.5 × 10−9 M for drinking and river water, respectively. Because of lower running and investment costs, this electroanalytical method
can be used for large scale monitoring of possible water contamination with tested herbicide.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0250-x
Authors
Jiří Barek, Charles University in Prague Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry Albertov 6 CZ-128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
Dana Cabalková, Charles University in Prague Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry Albertov 6 CZ-128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
Jan Fischer, Charles University in Prague Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry Albertov 6 CZ-128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
Tomáš Navrátil, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR, v.v.i. Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
Karolina Pecková, Charles University in Prague Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry Albertov 6 CZ-128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
Bogdan Yosypchuk, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR, v.v.i. Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
Abstract Treatment of landfill leachate is a worldwide problem at present. A pretreatment process, struvite MgNH4PO4·6H2O precipitation, was developed to treat raw landfill leachate, and its performance was biologically validated in this manuscript.
During the struvite precipitation, the suitable operating pH was 9 with 97.8% NH4+-N removal. It was found that temperature had no significant effect on the treatment efficiency of struvite precipitation,
but clearly affected COD removal and BOD/COD ratio. At 40°C, NH4+-N removal, COD removal and BOD/COD ratio were above 95, 56 and 0.70%, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis verified
that the precipitate formed mainly was struvite and other compounds of phosphor may be formed accompanying the struvite production.
In membrane bioreactor system, the average MLVSS/MLSS ratio of 0.55 characterized the operation at 24 h HRT had a surge to
0.69 during HRT of 12 h. These indicated that the struvite-pretreated leachate could provide benefits.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0248-4
Authors
Li Xiu-Fen, Jiangnan University Lab of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering Lihu Road 1800 214122 Wuxi City Jiangsu China
Dolores Barnes, Jiangnan University Lab of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering Lihu Road 1800 214122 Wuxi City Jiangsu China
Chen Jian, Jiangnan University Lab of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering Lihu Road 1800 214122 Wuxi City Jiangsu China
Abstract Naturally occurring diatomaceous earth was modified by alkaline pretreatment, and its effectiveness for Cd2+ removal from contaminated water was investigated. Batch experiments were carried out to determine Cd2+ adsorption capacity and the efficiency of the sorption process under different experimental conditions. Experimental data
showed good fitting to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models. The Cd2+ maximum adsorption capacity was 0.058 mmol g−1 for raw diatomite and increased to 0.195 mmol g−1 for alkaline-pretreated diatomite with efficiency higher than 96% (diatomite dose 2.5 g L−1, pH 6). Adsorption of Cd2+ to alkaline-pretreated diatomite increased as the temperature increased. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to evaluate
the feasibility of the adsorption process at different temperatures. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.
The interaction between Cd2+ ions and diatomite surface was weak enough to be considered as physical sorption, confirmed by the low value of activation
energy.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10311-009-0246-6
Authors
Patricia Miretzky, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Geociencias Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001 76230 Queretaro Mexico
Carolina Muñoz, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Geociencias Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001 76230 Queretaro Mexico
Enrique Cantoral-Uriza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad multidisciplinaria de docencia e investigación Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001 76230 Querétaro México
The author- or copyrights of the listed Internet pages
are held by the respective authors or site operators, who are also responsible
for the content of the presentations.
To add your company or product site to this index please use the
registration form or send us a eMail.
Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable).
Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable).
Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 44, Issue 17, Page 6526-6531, September 1, 2010.
Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 44, Issue 17, Page 6649-6655, September 1, 2010.
Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable).
Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable).
Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable).
Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable).
Environmental Science & Technology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable).